Nutrition, Diets, and Health Unit, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States.
Nutrition, Diets, and Health Unit, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States.
J Nutr. 2024 Sep;154(9):2784-2794. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.07.026. Epub 2024 Jul 23.
Limited evidence exists on determinants of maternal and child diet quality.
This study examined the role of social and behavior change communication (SBCC) and nutrition-sensitive social protection (NSSP) programs on maternal and child diet quality.
Data were from cross-sectional phone survey on 6627 Indian mothers that took place in late 2021. The Diet Quality Questionnaire (DQQ) was used to measure maternal and child diet quality, including minimum dietary diversity (MDD), dietary diversity scores (DDSs), noncommunicable disease (NCD)-protect and NCD-risk scores, adherence to dietary guidelines (All-5 and India-All-6), and unhealthy child feeding. Multivariate regression models were used to explore the association between diet indicators and coverage of SBCC and NSSP programs.
Maternal and child diet quality was suboptimal, with more mothers (57%) achieving MDD than children (23%). SBCC was positively associated with healthy food consumption in children (odds ratio [OR]: 2.14 for MDD; β: 0.60 for DDS and 0.54 for NCD-protect) and mothers (β: 0.38 for DDS and 0.43 for NCD-protect). Cash transfers were associated with healthier diets in mothers (OR: 1.45 for MDD, 1.86 for All-5, and 2.14 for India-All-6; β: 0.43 for DDS and 0.26 for NCD-protect), but less associations noted for children (β: 0.14 for NCD-protect). Receiving food was associated not only with healthier diets in mothers (OR: 1.47 for MDD; β: 0.27 for DDS and 0.33 for NCD-protect) and children (β: 0.19 for DDS and 0.15 for NCD-protect) but also with unhealthy food in children (OR: 1.34). Exposure to multiple programs showed stronger associations with diet quality.
SBCC has greater positive impact on child feeding than food and cash transfers, while cash has a stronger association with improved maternal diets. Food and cash are also associated with unhealthy food consumption. Our study underscores the importance of interventions that combine education, resource provision, and targeted support to promote maternal and child diet quality.
关于孕产妇和儿童饮食质量的决定因素，证据有限。
本研究旨在探讨社会和行为改变沟通（SBCC）以及营养敏感型社会保护（NSSP）方案对孕产妇和儿童饮食质量的影响。
数据来自于 2021 年末对 6627 名印度母亲进行的横断面电话调查。使用饮食质量问卷（DQQ）来衡量孕产妇和儿童的饮食质量，包括最低饮食多样性（MDD）、饮食多样性得分（DDS）、非传染性疾病（NCD）保护和 NCD 风险得分、饮食指南的遵守情况（All-5 和 India-All-6）以及不良儿童喂养情况。采用多变量回归模型来探讨饮食指标与 SBCC 和 NSSP 方案覆盖范围之间的关联。
孕产妇和儿童的饮食质量均不理想，只有 23%的儿童达到了 MDD，而 57%的母亲达到了 MDD。SBCC 与儿童（OR：2.14 用于 MDD；β：0.60 用于 DDS 和 0.54 用于 NCD 保护）和母亲（β：0.38 用于 DDS 和 0.43 用于 NCD 保护）的健康食品消费呈正相关。现金转移与母亲更健康的饮食有关（OR：1.45 用于 MDD，1.86 用于 All-5，2.14 用于 India-All-6；β：0.43 用于 DDS 和 0.26 用于 NCD 保护），但对儿童的关联较少（β：0.14 用于 NCD 保护）。获得食物不仅与母亲（OR：1.47 用于 MDD；β：0.27 用于 DDS 和 0.33 用于 NCD 保护）和儿童（β：0.19 用于 DDS 和 0.15 用于 NCD 保护）的更健康饮食有关，还与儿童的不健康食物消费有关（OR：1.34）。暴露于多种方案与饮食质量的关联更强。
SBCC 对儿童喂养的积极影响大于食物和现金转移，而现金与改善母亲饮食的关联更强。食物和现金也与不健康的食物消费有关。我们的研究强调了结合教育、资源提供和有针对性支持来促进孕产妇和儿童饮食质量的干预措施的重要性。
