Herforth Anna W, Sokourenko Kristina, Gonzalez B Cecilia, Uyar Betül Tm, Bulungu Andrea Ls, Vogliano Chris
Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.
Curr Dev Nutr. 2024 Nov 2;9(Suppl 1):104499. doi: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104499. eCollection 2025 Feb.
Food group consumption data are useful for measuring and monitoring diet quality. To collect valid data across contexts, consistent and rigorous adaptation of survey questions is needed.
The objective of this research was to adapt food group consumption survey questions for 140 countries, by identifying the most common (sentinel) food items in each food group using a structured, participatory process and global standards for classification.
Survey questions were adapted for 29 food groups of the Diet Quality Questionnaire (DQQ) and for additional questions for infant and young child feeding (IYCF) indicators. For each country, adaptation comprised the following: ) review of existing questionnaires, dietary intake data, and other information to draft food lists; ) key informant (KI) interviews with 5-12 experts to identify and prioritize sentinel items including terminology; ) comparison of items across countries within the same region to identify inconsistencies, and follow-up with KIs to resolve them.
In total, 1016 KIs contributed to the adapted DQQs for 140 countries and IYCF DQQs for 96 countries, amounting to ∼9550 h of collective effort (68 person-hours/country on average) from 2020 to 2024. The process revealed numerous challenges and decisions to ensure consistent classification of items and valid question formulation.
Country-specific questions adhering to global standards, and adapted through cumulative and iterative input of local experts, enable the collection of food group consumption data that are valid and comparable across time and geographies. The adapted survey questions have been implemented in the Demographic and Health Surveys and Gallup World Poll in 94 countries, generating the first cross-country data on Minimum Dietary Diversity and other diet quality indicators. The finalized country-adapted DQQs and IYCF DQQs were translated to 143 national languages and are published online as a global public good for population-level diet quality measurement.
食物类别消费数据对于衡量和监测饮食质量很有用。为了在不同环境中收集有效数据，需要对调查问卷问题进行一致且严格的调整。
本研究的目的是通过使用结构化、参与性过程和全球分类标准，确定每个食物类别中最常见的（标志性）食物项目，从而为140个国家调整食物类别消费调查问卷问题。
对饮食质量问卷（DQQ）的29个食物类别以及婴幼儿喂养（IYCF）指标的其他问题进行了问卷调整。对于每个国家，调整包括以下内容：1）审查现有问卷、饮食摄入量数据和其他信息以起草食物清单；2）与5至12名专家进行关键信息提供者（KI）访谈，以确定标志性项目并确定其优先级，包括术语；3）比较同一区域内各国的项目以识别不一致之处，并与关键信息提供者跟进以解决这些问题。
共有1016名关键信息提供者为140个国家的适应性DQQ和96个国家的IYCF DQQ做出了贡献，2020年至2024年的集体努力总计约9550小时（平均每个国家68人小时）。该过程揭示了许多挑战和决策，以确保项目分类一致和问题表述有效。
符合全球标准且通过当地专家的累积和迭代投入进行调整的特定国家问题，能够收集到在时间和地域上有效且可比的食物类别消费数据。经过调整的调查问卷问题已在94个国家的人口与健康调查和盖洛普世界民意调查中实施，产生了关于最低饮食多样性和其他饮食质量指标的首批跨国数据。最终确定的国家适应性DQQ和IYCF DQQ被翻译成143种民族语言，并作为用于人群层面饮食质量测量的全球公共产品在线发布。
