Kushkevych Ivan, Procházka Vít, Vítězová Monika, Dordević Dani, Abd El-Salam Mohamed, Rittmann Simon K-M R
Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.
Department of Plant Origin Foodstuffs Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences, Brno, Czechia.
Front Microbiol. 2024 Jul 11;15:1417714. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1417714. eCollection 2024.
The bacterial light-dependent energy metabolism can be divided into two types: oxygenic and anoxygenic photosynthesis. Bacterial oxygenic photosynthesis is similar to plants and is characteristic for cyanobacteria. Bacterial anoxygenic photosynthesis is performed by anoxygenic phototrophs, especially green sulfur bacteria (GSB; family ) and purple sulfur bacteria (PSB; family ). In anoxygenic photosynthesis, hydrogen sulfide (HS) is used as the main electron donor, which differs from plants or cyanobacteria where water is the main source of electrons. This review mainly focuses on the microbiology of GSB, which may be found in water or soil ecosystems where HS is abundant. GSB oxidize HS to elemental sulfur. GSB possess special structures-chlorosomes-wherein photosynthetic pigments are located. Chlorosomes are vesicles that are surrounded by a lipid monolayer that serve as light-collecting antennas. The carbon source of GSB is carbon dioxide, which is assimilated through the reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle. Our review provides a thorough introduction to the comparative eco-physiology of GSB and discusses selected application possibilities of anoxygenic phototrophs in the fields of environmental management, bioremediation, and biotechnology.
产氧光合作用和不产氧光合作用。细菌产氧光合作用与植物相似，是蓝细菌的特征。细菌不产氧光合作用由不产氧光合生物进行，特别是绿色硫细菌（GSB；科）和紫色硫细菌（PSB；科）。在不产氧光合作用中，硫化氢（HS）用作主要电子供体，这与以水为主要电子来源的植物或蓝细菌不同。本综述主要关注绿色硫细菌的微生物学，其可在硫化氢丰富的水或土壤生态系统中发现。绿色硫细菌将硫化氢氧化为元素硫。绿色硫细菌具有特殊结构——载色体，光合色素位于其中。载色体是由脂质单层包围的囊泡，用作光收集天线。绿色硫细菌的碳源是二氧化碳，通过反向三羧酸循环进行同化。我们的综述全面介绍了绿色硫细菌的比较生态生理学，并讨论了不产氧光合生物在环境管理、生物修复和生物技术领域的某些应用可能性。
