Holguín-Meráz Carolina, Martínez-Martínez Rita Elizabeth, Zaragoza-Contreras Erasto Armando, Domínguez-Pérez Rubén Abraham, Reyes-López Simón Yobanny, Donohue-Cornejo Alejandro, Cuevas-González Juan Carlos, Silva-Benítez Erika de Lourdes, Molina-Frechero Nelly, Espinosa-Cristóbal León Francisco
Master Program in Dental Sciences, Stomatology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Juarez City (UACJ), Envolvente del PRONAF and Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico.
Master Program in Advanced Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Manuel Nava Avenue, University Campus, San Luis Potosí 78290, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
J Funct Biomater. 2024 Jul 10;15(7):191. doi: 10.3390/jfb15070191.
Motor and intellectual disabilities (MIDs) represent a great challenge for maintaining general health due to physical and cognitive limitations, particularly in the maintenance and preservation of oral health. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic tool for bacterial control, including oral biofilms; however, knowledge of the bactericidal effectiveness of oral biofilms from patients with MIDs is insufficient. This study aims to determine the antimicrobial effect of AgNPs on different oral biofilms taken from patients with and without MIDs.
Two sizes of AgNPs were prepared and characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Through consecutive sampling, biofilm samples were collected from 17 subjects with MIDs and 20 subjects without disorders. The antimicrobial effect was determined by obtaining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AgNPs, and the identification and distribution of oral bacterial species were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Finally, correlations between sociodemographic characteristics and the antimicrobial levels of AgNPs were also explored. The values of the MIC results were analyzed with IBM-SPSS software (version25) using non-parametric tests for independent groups and correlations, with statistical significance being considered as < 0.05.
Both sizes of AgNPs exhibited tight particle size distributions (smaller: 10.2 ± 0.7 nm; larger: 29.3 ± 2.3 nm) with zeta potential values (-35.0 ± 3.3 and -52.6 ± 8.5 mV, respectively) confirming the stability that resulted in little to no agglomeration of nanoparticles. Although both sizes of AgNPs had good antimicrobial activity in all oral biofilms, the smallest particles had the best antimicrobial effects on the oral biofilm samples from patients with and without MIDs, even better than chlorhexidine (CHX) ( < 0.05). Likewise, the patients with disabilities showed higher levels of antimicrobial sensitivity to AgNPs compared with CHX ( < 0.05). Although the microorganisms included in the biofilms of females had a statistically higher growth level, the AgNP antimicrobial effect was statistically similar in both genders ( > 0.05). The most frequent bacteria for all oral biofilms were (100%), (91.6%), (75.0%), (75.0%), (66.6%), (66.6%), (50.0%), and (8.3%).
AgNPs exhibited considerable antimicrobial potential to be used as a complementary and alternative tool in maintaining and preserving oral health in patients with MIDs.
运动和智力残疾（MIDs）由于身体和认知限制，在维持总体健康方面构成巨大挑战，尤其是在口腔健康的维护和保持方面。银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）已成为一种有前景的细菌控制治疗工具，包括口腔生物膜；然而，关于MIDs患者口腔生物膜杀菌效果的知识并不充分。本研究旨在确定AgNPs对来自有和没有MIDs患者的不同口腔生物膜的抗菌作用。
制备了两种尺寸的AgNPs，并通过动态光散射（DLS）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）进行表征。通过连续采样，从17名患有MIDs的受试者和20名无疾病的受试者中收集生物膜样本。通过获得AgNPs的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）来确定抗菌效果，并通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）确定口腔细菌种类的鉴定和分布。最后，还探讨了社会人口学特征与AgNPs抗菌水平之间的相关性。使用IBM-SPSS软件（版本25）对独立组和相关性进行非参数检验分析MIC结果的值，统计学显著性被认为是<0.05。
两种尺寸的AgNPs均呈现紧密的粒径分布（较小尺寸：10.2±0.7nm；较大尺寸：29.3±2.3nm），zeta电位值（分别为-35.0±3.3和-52.6±8.5mV）证实了稳定性，导致纳米颗粒几乎没有团聚。尽管两种尺寸的AgNPs在所有口腔生物膜中均具有良好的抗菌活性，但最小尺寸的颗粒对有和没有MIDs患者的口腔生物膜样本具有最佳抗菌效果，甚至优于洗必泰（CHX）（<0.05）。同样，与CHX相比，残疾患者对AgNPs表现出更高水平的抗菌敏感性（<0.05）。尽管女性生物膜中所含微生物的生长水平在统计学上较高，但AgNP的抗菌效果在两性中在统计学上相似（>0.05）。所有口腔生物膜中最常见的细菌是（100%）、（91.6%）、（75.0%）、（75.0%）、（66.6%）、（66.6%）、（50.0%）和（8.3%）。
AgNPs在维持和保持MIDs患者口腔健康方面具有作为补充和替代工具的巨大抗菌潜力。
