Spanò Roberta, Gena Patrizia, Linsalata Vito, Sini Valeria, D'Antuono Isabella, Cardinali Angela, Cotugno Pietro, Calamita Giuseppe, Mascia Tiziana
Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy.
Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2024 Jul 16;13(7):852. doi: 10.3390/antiox13070852.
Globe artichoke ( L. subsp. ) is an important crop of the Mediterranean basin characterized by many properties, like hepatoprotective, anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, antibacterial, and beneficial to human health. The high bioactive compounds (BACs) content, as polyphenols, has attracted the research interest in artichoke extracts. We analysed the changes in polyphenol transcriptome profile between sanitized (S) virus-free and non-sanitized (NS) artichoke plants, focusing on genes involved in phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway and flavonoid biosynthesis. A total of 2458 upregulated and 2154 downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were functionally characterized. Among them, 31 and 35 KEGG orthology entries characterized by upregulated and downregulated DEGs, respectively, were involved in the biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites. A downregulation of , , , , , , and , was observed in S artichoke compared to NS one, whereas the , , and genes were upregulated in S samples. Transcriptome results were compared to the polyphenols accumulation in S and NS artichoke leaves. A higher content of total polyphenols was observed in older leaves of NS samples, compared to extracts obtained from young leaves or from S plants, and this result was associated with the presence of viral infections in NS plants. In all the conditions tested, the most represented compound was chlorogenic acid, followed by luteolin-7--glucoside. The different composition of each extract was evaluated by a polyphenol dose-response treatment on the rodent hepatoma FaO cell line to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A significant reduction in ROS content ranging between -40% and -48% was observed when 10-20 mg/L of polyphenols from NS or S plants were used, characterized by a specific profile of compounds. To reduce MetOH residues in polyphenol extracts, a supercritical fluid CO extraction was evaluated to propose a sustainable green extraction.
洋蓟（L. 亚种）是地中海盆地的一种重要作物，具有多种特性，如保肝、抗癌、抗氧化、抗菌等，对人体健康有益。其高含量的生物活性化合物（BACs），如多酚，引起了对洋蓟提取物的研究兴趣。我们分析了经过消毒（S）的无病毒洋蓟植株和未消毒（NS）的洋蓟植株之间多酚转录组图谱的变化，重点关注参与苯丙烷代谢途径和类黄酮生物合成的基因。总共对2458个上调和2154个下调的差异表达基因（DEGs）进行了功能表征。其中，分别由上调和下调的DEGs表征的31个和35个KEGG直系同源条目参与了其他次生代谢物的生物合成。与NS洋蓟相比，S洋蓟中观察到 、 、 、 、 、 和 基因下调，而 、 和 基因在S样本中上调。将转录组结果与S和NS洋蓟叶片中的多酚积累情况进行了比较。与从幼叶或S植株获得的提取物相比，NS样本老叶中总多酚含量更高，这一结果与NS植株中存在病毒感染有关。在所有测试条件下，含量最高的化合物是绿原酸，其次是木犀草素 -7- -葡萄糖苷。通过对啮齿动物肝癌FaO细胞系进行多酚剂量反应处理以评估活性氧（ROS）的积累，来评价每种提取物的不同组成。当使用10 - 20 mg/L来自NS或S植株的多酚时，观察到ROS含量显著降低，降低幅度在 -40%至 -48%之间，且具有特定的化合物谱。为了减少多酚提取物中的甲醇残留，评估了超临界流体CO萃取以提出一种可持续的绿色萃取方法。
