Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Thessaly, Terma N. Temponera Street, 43100 Karditsa, Greece.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Jul 14;25(14):7708. doi: 10.3390/ijms25147708.
Rosemary has many medicinal and therapeutic properties and therefore it is important to study how to maximize the recovery of its bioactive compounds. In the present study, four different extraction techniques were used, namely stirring extraction (STE), pulsed electric field-assisted extraction (PEF), ultrasound probe-assisted extraction (UPAE), and ultrasound bath-assisted extraction (UBAE). First, some primary experiments were carried out in order to optimize each technique individually through the Plackett-Burman design. Then, each technique was applied under optimal conditions and the results were compared with each other. The optimal total polyphenol content (TPC) of STE is 19 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram of dry weight (dw), while the antioxidant activity of the extract is 162 μmol ascorbic acid equivalents (AAEs) per gram of dw via FRAP and ~110 μmol AAE per gram of dw via DPPH. As for PEF, the optimal TPC is ~12 mg GAE/g dw, and the FRAP and DPPH values are ~102 and ~70 μmol AAE per gram of dw, respectively. When it comes to UPAE, the optimal TPC is ~16 mg GAE/g dw and the antioxidant capacity of the extract is ~128 μmol AAE/g dw through FRAP and ~98 μmol AAE/g dw through DPPH. UBAE optimal extract yielded ~17 mg GAE/g dw TPC, ~146 μmol AAE/g dw for FRAP, and ~143 μmol AAE/g dw for DPPH. The highest flavonoid content (6.5 mg rutin equivalent/g dw) and DPPH (143 μmol ascorbic acid equivalent/g dw) is obtained through UBAE. UPAE has been shown to be more efficient in recovering ascorbic acid (20 mg/g dw). Additionally, the chlorophyll-to-carotenoid ratios of UPAE and UBAE were 2.98 and 2.96, respectively, indicating that the extracts had a generally positive impact on health. Considering the environmental impact of each extraction technique but also which antioxidant factor needs to be maximized, the most suitable extraction technique will be chosen.
迷迭香具有许多药用和治疗特性，因此研究如何最大限度地回收其生物活性化合物非常重要。在本研究中，使用了四种不同的提取技术，即搅拌提取（STE）、脉冲电场辅助提取（PEF）、超声探头辅助提取（UPAE）和超声浴辅助提取（UBAE）。首先，通过 Plackett-Burman 设计进行了一些初步实验，以单独优化每种技术。然后，在最佳条件下应用每种技术，并将结果相互比较。STE 的最佳总多酚含量（TPC）约为 19 毫克没食子酸当量/克干重（dw），而提取物的抗氧化活性通过 FRAP 为 162 微摩尔抗坏血酸当量（AAE）/克 dw，通过 DPPH 为 110 微摩尔 AAE/克 dw。对于 PEF，最佳 TPC 约为 12 毫克 GAE/g dw，FRAP 和 DPPH 值分别约为 102 和 70 微摩尔 AAE/g dw。对于 UPAE，最佳 TPC 约为 16 毫克 GAE/g dw，提取物的抗氧化能力通过 FRAP 为 128 微摩尔 AAE/g dw，通过 DPPH 为 98 微摩尔 AAE/g dw。UBAE 最佳提取物的 TPC 为 17 毫克 GAE/g dw，FRAP 为 146 微摩尔 AAE/g dw，DPPH 为 143 微摩尔 AAE/g dw。通过 UBAE 获得了最高的类黄酮含量（6.5 毫克芦丁当量/g dw）和 DPPH（143 微摩尔抗坏血酸当量/g dw）。UPAE 在回收抗坏血酸方面效率更高（~20 毫克/g dw）。此外，UPAE 和 UBAE 的叶绿素-类胡萝卜素比值分别为 2.98 和 2.96，表明提取物对健康有普遍的积极影响。考虑到每种提取技术的环境影响以及需要最大化哪种抗氧化因素，将选择最合适的提取技术。
