Mir Mohammad Muzaffar, Alfaifi Jaber, Sohail Shahzada Khalid, Rizvi Syeda Fatima, Akhtar Md Tanwir, Alghamdi Mushabab Ayed Abdullah, Mir Rashid, Wani Javed Iqbal, Sabah Zia Ul, Alhumaydhi Fahad A, Alremthi Fahad, AlQahtani AbdulElah Al Jarallah, Alharthi Muffarah Hamid, Adam Masoud Ishag Elkhalifa, Elfaki Imadeldin, Sonpol Hany M A
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia.
J Pers Med. 2024 Jul 11;14(7):743. doi: 10.3390/jpm14070743.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is becoming a major global health concern, especially in developing nations. The high prevalence of obesity and related diabetes cases are attributed to rapid economic progress, physical inactivity, the consumption of high-calorie foods, and changing lifestyles.
We investigated the roles of pro-inflammatory chemokines CCL1, 2, 4, and 5 in T2DM with varying levels of obesity in the Asir region of Saudi Arabia.
In total, 170 confirmed T2DM subjects and a normal control group were enrolled. Demographic data, serum levels of CCL-1, 2, 4, and 5, and biochemical indices were assessed in the subjects and control groups by standard procedures.
T2DM subjects were divided into four groups: A (normal body weight), B (overweight), C (obese), and D (highly obese). We observed that male and female control subjects had similar mean serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory chemokines CCL-1, 2, 4, and 5. T2DM subjects in all the four groups showed significantly higher levels of all the four chemokines compared to the controls, regardless of gender. In T2DM subjects with obesity and severe obesity, the rise was most significant. There was a progressive rise in the concentrations of CCL-1, 2, and 4 in T2DM subjects with increasing BMI. Serum CCL5 levels increased significantly in all T2DM subject groups. The increase in CCL5 was more predominant in normal-weight people, compared to overweight and obese T2DM subjects.
Male and female control subjects had similar serum levels of pro-inflammatory chemokines CCL-1, 2, 4, and 5. The progressive rise in blood concentrations of three pro-inflammatory chemokines CCL-1, 2, and 4 in T2DM subjects with increasing BMI supports the idea that dyslipidemia and obesity contribute to chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. Serum CCL5 levels increased significantly in all T2DM subject groups. The selective and more pronounced increase in CCL5 in the T2DM group with normal BMI, compared to subjects with varying degrees of obesity, was rather surprising. Further research is needed to determine if CCL5 underexpression in overweight and obese T2DM subjects is due to some unexplained counterbalancing processes.
2型糖尿病（T2DM）正成为全球主要的健康问题，尤其是在发展中国家。肥胖及相关糖尿病病例的高患病率归因于经济的快速发展、身体活动不足、高热量食物的消费以及生活方式的改变。
我们调查了促炎趋化因子CCL1、2、4和5在沙特阿拉伯阿西尔地区不同肥胖程度的2型糖尿病中的作用。
共纳入170例确诊的2型糖尿病患者和一个正常对照组。通过标准程序对受试者和对照组的人口统计学数据、血清CCL - 1、2、4和5水平以及生化指标进行评估。
2型糖尿病患者分为四组：A组（正常体重）、B组（超重）、C组（肥胖）和D组（高度肥胖）。我们观察到男性和女性对照受试者的促炎趋化因子CCL - 1、2、4和5的平均血清浓度相似。与对照组相比，所有四组中的2型糖尿病患者这四种趋化因子的水平均显著升高，且与性别无关。在肥胖和重度肥胖的2型糖尿病患者中，升高最为显著。随着体重指数（BMI）增加，2型糖尿病患者中CCL - 1、2和4的浓度呈逐渐上升趋势。所有2型糖尿病患者组的血清CCL5水平均显著升高。与超重和肥胖的2型糖尿病患者相比，CCL5在正常体重人群中的升高更为明显。
男性和女性对照受试者的促炎趋化因子CCL - 1、2、4和5的血清水平相似。随着BMI增加，2型糖尿病患者中三种促炎趋化因子CCL - 1、2和4的血液浓度逐渐上升，这支持了血脂异常和肥胖会导致慢性炎症和胰岛素抵抗的观点。所有2型糖尿病患者组的血清CCL5水平均显著升高。与不同程度肥胖的受试者相比，正常BMI的2型糖尿病组中CCL5的选择性且更明显的升高相当令人惊讶。需要进一步研究以确定超重和肥胖的2型糖尿病患者中CCL5表达不足是否由于某些无法解释的平衡过程所致。
