Treatment Outcomes of Patients with Orbital Inflammatory Diseases: Should Steroids Still Be the First Choice?

: To clarify the therapy response in orbital inflammatory diseases (OID), we analyzed the treatment effects of steroid therapy, the use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDS), and biologicals in our tertiary referral center cohort. : We collected the clinical and demographic data of all patients treated for non-specific orbital inflammation (NSOI) ( = 111) and IgG4-ROD ( = 13), respectively at our center from 2008 to 2020 and analyzed them with descriptive statistics. NSOI were sub-grouped according to the location into either idiopathic dacryoadenitis (DAs) ( = 78) or typical idiopathic orbital myositis ( = 32). : Mean age at first clinical manifestation was significantly different between subgroups (IOI: 49.5 ± 18, IgG4-ROD: 63.2 ± 14, = 0.0171). Among all examined OID, 63 patients (50%) achieved full remission (FR) with corticosteroids (NSOI 53%/IgG4-ROD 31%). In contrast, classic myositis showed a significantly higher response (76%). Disease-modifying drugs (DMARDS) for myositis accomplished only 33% FR (NSOI 57%) and 66% did not respond sufficiently (NSOI 43%). The biologic agent (Rituximab) was significantly more efficient: 19 of 23 patients (82%) achieved full remission and only 4 (17%) did not respond fully and needed orbital irradiation or orbital decompressive surgery.