Tribology, Polymers, Powder Metallurgy and Solid Waste Transformations Research Group, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 No. 100-00, Cali 760001, Colombia.
Grupo Biomateriales Dentales, Escuela de Odontología, Universidad del Valle, Calle 4B Número 36-00, Cali 760001, Colombia.
Molecules. 2024 Jul 10;29(14):3263. doi: 10.3390/molecules29143263.
Bone tissue engineering is a promising alternative to repair wounds caused by cellular or physical accidents that humans face daily. In this sense, the search for new graphene oxide (GO) nanofillers related to their degree of oxidation is born as an alternative bioactive component in forming new scaffolds. In the present study, three different GOs were synthesized with varying degrees of oxidation and studied chemically and tissue-wise. The oxidation degree was determined through infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy (RS). The morphology of the samples was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The oxygen content was deeply described using the deconvolution of RS and XPS techniques. The latter represents the oxidation degree for each of the samples and the formation of new bonds promoted by the graphitization of the material. In the RS, two characteristic bands were observed according to the degree of oxidation and the degree of graphitization of the material represented in bands D and G with different relative intensities, suggesting that the samples have different crystallite sizes. This size was described using the Tuinstra-Koenig model, ranging between 18.7 and 25.1 nm. Finally, the bone neoformation observed in the cranial defects of critical size indicates that the F1 and F2 samples, besides being compatible and resorbable, acted as a bridge for bone healing through regeneration. This promoted healing by restoring bone and tissue structure without triggering a strong immune response.
骨组织工程是修复人类日常面临的细胞或物理损伤的一种很有前途的方法。在这种情况下，寻找与氧化程度相关的新型氧化石墨烯 (GO) 纳米填料作为新型支架形成的生物活性成分应运而生。在本研究中，合成了三种具有不同氧化程度的 GO，并从化学和组织学两个方面进行了研究。通过红外光谱 (FTIR)、X 射线衍射 (XRD)、X 射线光电子能谱 (XPS) 和拉曼光谱 (RS) 确定了氧化程度。使用扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 分析了样品的形貌。使用 RS 和 XPS 技术的反卷积深入描述了氧含量。后者代表了每个样品的氧化程度和材料石墨化促进的新键形成。在 RS 中，根据氧化程度和材料的石墨化程度观察到两个特征带，分别用 D 和 G 带表示，其相对强度不同，表明样品具有不同的晶粒尺寸。使用图恩斯特拉-科尼希模型描述了该尺寸，范围在 18.7 到 25.1nm 之间。最后，在临界尺寸的颅缺损中观察到的新骨形成表明，F1 和 F2 样品不仅具有相容性和可吸收性，而且还通过再生充当骨愈合的桥梁。这通过恢复骨骼和组织结构而不引发强烈的免疫反应来促进愈合。
