Food and Drug Administration, Chemical Contaminants Branch, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD 20740, USA.
National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.
J AOAC Int. 2024 Nov 1;107(6):1027-1037. doi: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsae064.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has produced over 40 botanical dietary supplement Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) and reference materials (RMs) with values assigned for chemical markers and/or active compounds. Although environmental accumulation or inadvertent introduction of toxic elements (arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury) is a potential source of exposure in botanical dietary supplement products, the majority of the dietary supplement SRMs/RMs do not have values assigned for the four major toxic elements.
To determine As, Cd, Pb, and Hg content in the current inventory of NIST botanical dietary supplement SRMs/RMs.
Fifteen SRMs/RMs suites of plant part, extract, and finished products (i.e., solid oral dosage form [SODF]) were analyzed for As, Cd, Pb, and Hg using nitric acid microwave-assisted digestion followed by quantification using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.
Results for control samples were in good agreement with certified values indicating that the analyses of 38 individual botanical SRMs/RMs were in control. Characterization of linked plant/extract SRMs/RMs derived from the same source materials demonstrated that while extraction processes can often yield extracts with lower toxic element content for Hg or As, it is also possible for mass fraction levels to remain unchanged or even to increase after extraction.
The results fill significant knowledge gaps in toxic element content ranges for SRMs/RMs where no NIST assigned values existed, in particular for Hg content and for extract and SODF matrixes. With comprehensive toxic element content now available, researchers can better select appropriate dietary supplement SRMs/RMs for use as controls in the analysis of dietary supplement ingredients and products.
Results for As, Cd, Pb, and Hg are reported for 38 dietary supplement SRMs/RMs including six suites of plant, extract, and SODF and nine pairs of plant and extract from the same batch of plant material.
美国国家标准与技术研究院（NIST）已经生产了 40 多种植物性膳食补充剂标准参考物质（SRM）和参考物质（RM），并为其化学标志物和/或活性化合物赋值。尽管环境积累或无意引入有毒元素（砷、镉、铅和汞）是植物性膳食补充剂产品中暴露的潜在来源，但大多数膳食补充剂 SRM/RM 并没有为这四种主要有毒元素赋值。
测定当前 NIST 植物性膳食补充剂 SRM/RM 库存中的砷、镉、铅和汞含量。
使用硝酸微波辅助消解对 15 种植物部分、提取物和成品（即固体口服剂型[SODF]）的 SRM/RM 套件进行分析，然后使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法进行定量。
对照样品的结果与证书值吻合良好，表明对 38 种单独的植物性 SRM/RM 进行了控制分析。对来自同一来源材料的相关植物/提取物 SRM/RM 的特征分析表明，虽然提取过程通常可以降低 Hg 或 As 的毒性元素含量，但在提取后，质量分数水平保持不变甚至增加也是有可能的。
这些结果填补了 NIST 未赋值的 SRM/RM 中有毒元素含量范围的重大知识空白，特别是 Hg 含量以及提取物和 SODF 基质。现在有了全面的有毒元素含量数据，研究人员可以更好地选择合适的膳食补充剂 SRM/RM 作为分析膳食补充剂成分和产品的对照。
报告了 38 种膳食补充剂 SRM/RM 中 As、Cd、Pb 和 Hg 的结果，包括六套植物、提取物和 SODF 以及九对来自同一批植物材料的植物和提取物。
