Nema Kristina, Ruzbarsky Pavel, Rydzik Łukasz, Peric Tomas
Department of Educology of Sports, Faculty of Sport, University of Presov, Presov, Slovakia.
Department of Sports Kinantropology, Faculty of Sport, University of Presov, Presov, Slovakia.
Front Sports Act Living. 2024 Jul 12;6:1433117. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1433117. eCollection 2024.
The variables of aerobic performance and aerobic capacity are of significant importance in maintaining intensity during a fight and also contribute to faster recovery between rounds in sports fighting in karate. Anaerobic performance is crucial for the execution of the techniques during high-intensity offensive or defensive actions that determine the outcome of a fight. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between selected performance indicators of aerobic and anaerobic capacity to sports performance in karate.
The study included six male karate athletes (age 28 ± 3 years, body mass 85.10 kg; height 185.5 cm), medalists from European and World championship, events in senior categories. The selection criteria included training experience and sports level. The Karate specific aerobic test (KSAT) was use in conjunction with heart rate monitoring and changes in blood lactate levels to diagnose special aerobic endurance parameters. To determine the level of anaerobic performance the Wingate test were choosed. Technical and tactical indicators (efficiency, effectiveness and activeness of the attack) were used to assess the sports skill level during competition.
Based on the Spearman correlation coefficient results demonstrated statistically significant differences (r = -0.81) with large effect size index between efficiency of the attack and average heart rate achieved in the test KSAT. Additionally statistically significant differences (r= 0.81) with large effect size were demonstrated between the fatigue index and efficiency of the attack Furthermore, the selected indicators of special aerobic endurance parameters and anaerobic performance demonstrated a high degree of predictive validity in relation to the efficiency (r = 0.960) and activity (r = 0.927) of attacks.
The high level of predictive validity confirmed the importance of a high level of anaerobic conditions for performance in karate. The low values of the average heart rate in relation to the efficiency of the attack confirm the high performance level of karate athletes in relation to special aerobic performance parameters. It was found that the effectiveness of the attack had no relation to the monitored parameters.
有氧运动能力和有氧耐力的各项变量在格斗过程中保持强度方面具有重要意义，同时也有助于空手道竞技运动中各回合间更快地恢复。无氧运动能力对于在决定格斗胜负的高强度进攻或防守动作中执行技术动作至关重要。本研究的目的是评估有氧和无氧运动能力的选定表现指标与空手道运动表现之间的关系。
该研究纳入了六名男性空手道运动员（年龄28±3岁，体重85.10千克；身高185.5厘米），他们均为欧洲和世界锦标赛高级别赛事的奖牌获得者。选择标准包括训练经验和运动水平。空手道专项有氧测试（KSAT）结合心率监测和血乳酸水平变化来诊断专项有氧耐力参数。为确定无氧运动能力水平，选用了温盖特测试。使用技术和战术指标（攻击的效率、有效性和积极性）来评估比赛期间的运动技能水平。
基于斯皮尔曼相关系数结果显示，攻击效率与测试KSAT中达到的平均心率之间存在统计学显著差异（r = -0.81），且效应量指数较大。此外，疲劳指数与攻击效率之间也显示出统计学显著差异（r = 0.81），效应量较大。此外，选定的专项有氧耐力参数指标和无氧运动能力与攻击效率（r = 0.960）和积极性（r = 0.927）具有高度预测效度。
高度的预测效度证实了高水平无氧运动条件对空手道运动表现的重要性。相对于攻击效率而言平均心率较低的值证实了空手道运动员在专项有氧运动表现参数方面的高水平表现。研究发现攻击的有效性与监测参数无关。
