Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.
J Med Life. 2024 Apr;17(4):397-405. doi: 10.25122/jml-2023-0050.
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) has various symptoms that occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and subside after menstruation. Anxiety and depression are prevalent in women with PMS and may exacerbate the severity of PMS. Vitamin D and calcium deficiency may have a role in developing anxiety, depression, and musculoskeletal pain (MSP). The aim of this study was to evaluate selected premenstrual symptoms in relation to serum vitamin D levels, daily calcium consumption, and psychological symptoms among women with MSP. The study population consisted of 108 women with MSP and 108 healthy controls. Information about premenstrual symptoms and calcium consumption were collected. Psychological symptoms were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Vitamin D was determined by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Women with MSP had lower serum vitamin D levels, lower daily calcium consumption, higher HADS scores for anxiety and depression, and higher frequency of severe premenstrual symptoms including fatigue, headache, irritability, mood swings, anxiety, depression, and social withdrawal compared to controls ( < 0.01). Abnormal HADS scores for anxiety and depression were associated with increased severity of premenstrual symptoms ( < 0.05). Deficient vitamin D and calcium consumption were associated with abnormal HADS scores for anxiety and depression ( < 0.05) and with increased severity of premenstrual headache, irritability, anxiety, and depression ( < 0.05). Low calcium consumption was associated with increased severity of premenstrual irritability, anxiety, depression, and social withdrawal ( < 0.05). The results suggest that vitamin D deficiency, low calcium consumption, psychological symptoms, and MSP could be interrelated and implicated in the etiology severe premenstrual symptoms. Further studies are necessary to assess whether vitamin D and calcium supplements can relieve MSP and premenstrual symptoms.
经前期综合征（PMS）有各种症状，在月经周期的黄体期出现，并在月经后消失。焦虑和抑郁在患有 PMS 的女性中很常见，并且可能会加重 PMS 的严重程度。维生素 D 和钙缺乏可能与焦虑、抑郁和肌肉骨骼疼痛（MSP）的发展有关。本研究旨在评估与血清维生素 D 水平、每日钙摄入量以及 MSP 女性心理症状相关的特定经前期症状。研究人群由 108 名 MSP 女性和 108 名健康对照组组成。收集了经前期症状和钙摄入量的信息。使用医院焦虑和抑郁量表（HADS）评估心理症状。通过电化学发光免疫测定法测定维生素 D。与对照组相比，患有 MSP 的女性血清维生素 D 水平较低，每日钙摄入量较低，HADS 焦虑和抑郁评分较高，疲劳、头痛、易怒、情绪波动、焦虑、抑郁和社交退缩等严重经前期症状的频率较高（<0.01）。异常的 HADS 焦虑和抑郁评分与经前期症状严重程度增加相关（<0.05）。维生素 D 缺乏和钙摄入不足与 HADS 焦虑和抑郁评分异常（<0.05）以及经前期头痛、易怒、焦虑和抑郁严重程度增加相关（<0.05）。钙摄入量低与经前期易怒、焦虑、抑郁和社交退缩严重程度增加相关（<0.05）。结果表明，维生素 D 缺乏、钙摄入不足、心理症状和 MSP 可能相互关联，并与严重经前期症状的病因有关。需要进一步研究评估维生素 D 和钙补充剂是否可以缓解 MSP 和经前期症状。
