Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA.
RTI Health Solutions, Didsbury, Manchester, UK.
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2024 Dec 31;20(1):2381283. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2381283. Epub 2024 Jul 30.
Despite vaccines being instrumental in reducing vaccine-preventable disease, adult vaccination rates in the United States (US) are below optimal levels. To better understand factors affecting vaccination rates, we analyzed trends in adult vaccination coverage using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and conducted a targeted literature review (TLR) on interventions to improve adult vaccination rates in the US. Both the BRFSS analysis and the TLR focused on influenza; pneumococcal disease; tetanus and diphtheria or tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis; herpes zoster; and human papillomavirus vaccination for US adults aged 18-64 years. The TLR additionally included hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccination. Vaccination coverage rates (VCRs) and changes in VCRs were calculated using the 2011-2019 BRFSS survey data. For the TLR, the MEDLINE and MEDLINE In-Process databases were searched for articles on vaccination interventions published between January 2015 and June 2021. The BRFSS analysis showed that changes in VCRs were generally modest and positive for most states over the study period. The TLR included 32 articles that met the eligibility criteria; intervention strategies that improved adult vaccination outcomes incorporated an educational component, vaccination reminders or reinforcement at the point of care, or authorized non-clinician members of the healthcare team to vaccinate. Furthermore, interventions combining more than one approach appeared to enhance effectiveness. The strategies identified in this TLR will be valuable for policymakers and stakeholders to inform the development and implementation of evidence-based policies and practices to improve adult vaccination coverage.
尽管疫苗在减少可预防疾病方面发挥了重要作用，但美国（US）的成人疫苗接种率仍未达到最佳水平。为了更好地了解影响疫苗接种率的因素，我们使用来自行为风险因素监测系统（BRFSS）的数据分析了成人疫苗接种覆盖率的趋势，并对美国提高成人疫苗接种率的干预措施进行了针对性文献综述（TLR）。BRFSS 分析和 TLR 都集中在流感、肺炎球菌病、破伤风和白喉或破伤风、白喉和无细胞百日咳、带状疱疹和人乳头瘤病毒疫苗接种上，针对的是 18-64 岁的美国成年人。TLR 还包括甲型肝炎和乙型肝炎疫苗接种。使用 2011-2019 年 BRFSS 调查数据计算疫苗接种覆盖率（VCR）和 VCR 的变化。对于 TLR，在 MEDLINE 和 MEDLINE In-Process 数据库中搜索了 2015 年 1 月至 2021 年 6 月期间发表的关于疫苗接种干预措施的文章。BRFSS 分析显示，在研究期间，大多数州的 VCR 变化通常较为温和且呈上升趋势。TLR 包括 32 篇符合入选标准的文章；提高成人疫苗接种效果的干预策略包括在护理点进行教育、疫苗接种提醒或强化，或授权医疗保健团队中的非临床成员进行疫苗接种。此外，似乎结合了多种方法的干预措施更能增强效果。这项 TLR 中确定的策略对于政策制定者和利益相关者来说是有价值的，可以为制定和实施基于证据的政策和实践提供信息，以提高成人疫苗接种覆盖率。
