Hood R D, Ottley M S
Drug Chem Toxicol. 1985;8(4):281-97. doi: 10.3109/01480548509038651.
Data obtained from rodents indicates that maternal exposure to mixed xylenes or individual xylene isomers can have adverse effects on the conceptus. Fetotoxic effects were reported following maternal inhalation exposure to mixed xylenes; altered enzyme activities were also found in rat pups. Dermal application resulted in apparent changes in fetal enzyme activities, while oral treatment was followed by prenatal mortality, growth inhibition, and malformations, primarily cleft palate. Maternal inhalation of individual isomers was associated with all of the above mentioned effects, with the exception of cleft palate. The o- and p-isomers appeared more hazardous to offspring than did the m-isomer. Malformations (i.e., cleft palate) associated with mixed or individual isomers were primarily reported at maternally toxic doses. Thus, a clear case for a selective teratogenic effect due to exposure to xylene has yet to be presented.
从啮齿动物获得的数据表明，母体接触混合二甲苯或单个二甲苯异构体可能会对胚胎产生不利影响。有报道称，母体吸入混合二甲苯后会产生胚胎毒性作用；在大鼠幼崽中也发现酶活性发生了改变。经皮肤给药导致胎儿酶活性出现明显变化，而口服给药后则出现产前死亡、生长抑制和畸形，主要是腭裂。母体吸入单个异构体与上述所有影响有关，但腭裂除外。邻位和对位异构体对后代的危害似乎比间位异构体更大。与混合或单个异构体相关的畸形（即腭裂）主要在母体中毒剂量下出现。因此，尚未有明确证据表明接触二甲苯会产生选择性致畸作用。
