Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales (COCIBA), Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador.
J Infect Dis. 2024 Nov 15;230(5):e1058-e1066. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiae384.
The Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic in Latin America (2015-2016) has primarily been studied in urban centers, with less understanding of its impact on smaller rural communities. To address this gap, we analyzed ZIKV seroepidemiology in 6 rural Ecuadorian communities (2018-2019) with varying access to a commercial hub. Seroprevalence ranged from 19% to 54%, measured by nonstructural protein 1 blockade of binding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We observed a decline in ZIKV seroprevalence between 2018 and 2019 that was greater among younger populations, suggesting that the attack rates in the 2015-2016 epidemic were significantly higher than our 2018 observations. These data indicate that the 2015-2016 epidemic included significant transmission in rural and more remote settings. Our observations of high seroprevalence in our area of study highlights the importance of surveillance and research in rural areas lacking robust health systems to manage future Zika outbreaks and vaccine initiatives.
拉丁美洲（2015-2016 年）的寨卡病毒（ZIKV）疫情主要在城市中心进行了研究，对其在较小的农村社区的影响了解较少。为了解决这一差距，我们分析了 2018-2019 年厄瓜多尔 6 个农村社区（2018-2019 年）的寨卡病毒血清流行病学情况，这些社区与商业中心的联系程度不同。通过非结构蛋白 1 阻断结合酶联免疫吸附试验，血清流行率在 19%至 54%之间。我们观察到 2018 年至 2019 年间寨卡病毒血清流行率下降，年轻人下降幅度更大，表明 2015-2016 年流行疫情中的攻击率明显高于我们 2018 年的观察结果。这些数据表明，2015-2016 年的疫情包括在农村和更偏远地区的显著传播。我们在研究区域观察到高血清流行率，这凸显了在缺乏健全卫生系统的农村地区进行监测和研究的重要性，以应对未来的寨卡病毒爆发和疫苗计划。
