Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, Dorset, UK.
Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, Dorset, UK.
Water Res. 2024 Oct 1;263:122152. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122152. Epub 2024 Jul 29.
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) gained widespread use as a tool for supporting clinical disease surveillance during the COVID-19 pandemic. There is now significant interest in the continued development of WBE for other pathogens of clinical significance. In this study, approximately 3,200 samples of wastewater from across England, previously collected for quantification of SARS-CoV-2, were re-analysed for the quantification of norovirus genogroup I (GI) and II (GII). Overall, GI and GII were detected in 93% and 98% of samples respectively, and at least one of the genogroups was detected in 99% of samples. GI was found at significantly lower concentrations than GII, but the proportion of each genogroup varied over time, with GI becoming more prevalent than GII in some areas towards the end of the study period (May 2021 - March 2022). Using relative strength indices (RSI), it was possible to study the trends of each genogroup, and total norovirus over time. Increases in norovirus levels appeared to coincide with the removal of COVID-19 related lockdown restrictions within England. Local Moran's I analyses indicated several localised outbreaks of both GI and GII across England, notably the possible GI outbreak in the north of England in early 2022. Comparisons of national average norovirus concentrations in wastewater against concomitant norovirus reported case numbers showed a significant linear relationship. This highlights the potential for wastewater-based monitoring of norovirus as a valuable approach to support surveillance of norovirus in communities.
基于污水的流行病学（WBE）在 COVID-19 大流行期间作为支持临床疾病监测的工具得到了广泛应用。现在人们对 WBE 用于其他具有临床意义的病原体的持续开发产生了浓厚的兴趣。在这项研究中，对来自英格兰各地的大约 3200 个先前用于定量检测 SARS-CoV-2 的污水样本进行了重新分析，以定量检测诺如病毒基因组 I（GI）和 II（GII）。总体而言，GI 和 GII 分别在 93%和 98%的样本中被检测到，至少有一种基因组在 99%的样本中被检测到。GI 的浓度明显低于 GII，但每个基因组的比例随时间变化而变化，在研究期间的后期（2021 年 5 月至 2022 年 3 月），GI 在一些地区比 GII更为普遍。使用相对强度指数（RSI），可以研究每个基因组和总诺如病毒随时间的趋势。诺如病毒水平的增加似乎与英格兰内与 COVID-19 相关的封锁限制的取消同时发生。局部 Moran's I 分析表明，英格兰各地都发生了 GI 和 GII 的局部暴发，特别是在 2022 年初英格兰北部可能发生的 GI 暴发。将污水中全国平均诺如病毒浓度与同期报告的诺如病毒病例数进行比较，显示出显著的线性关系。这突出了基于污水的诺如病毒监测作为支持社区诺如病毒监测的一种有价值方法的潜力。
