Pourahmad Ramtin, Saleki Kiarash, Zare Gholinejad Mehrad, Aram Cena, Soltani Farsani Ali, Banazadeh Mohammad, Tafakhori Abbas
School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
Biochem Biophys Rep. 2024 Jul 10;39:101776. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101776. eCollection 2024 Sep.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most widespread and irreversible form of dementia and accounts for more than half of dementia cases. The most significant risk factors for AD are aging-related exacerbations, degradation of anatomical pathways, environmental variables and mitochondrial dysfunction. Finding a decisive therapeutic solution is a major current issue. Nuanced interactions between major neuropathological mechanisms in AD in patients and microbiome have recently gained rising attention. The presence of bacterial amyloid in the gut triggers the immune system, resulting in increased immune feedbacks and endogenous neuronal amyloid within the CNS. Also, early clinical research revealed that changing the microbiome with beneficial bacteria or probiotics could affect brain function in AD. New approaches focus on the possible neuroprotective action of disease-modifying medications in AD. In the present review, we discuss the impact of the gut microbiota on the brain and review emerging research that suggests a disruption in the microbiota-brain axis can affect AD by mediating neuroinflammation. Such novel methods could help the development of novel therapeutics for AD.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是最常见且不可逆的痴呆形式，占痴呆病例的一半以上。AD最重要的风险因素是与衰老相关的病情加重、解剖学通路退化、环境变量和线粒体功能障碍。找到决定性的治疗方案是当前的一个主要问题。近期，AD患者主要神经病理机制与微生物群之间细微的相互作用日益受到关注。肠道中细菌淀粉样蛋白的存在会触发免疫系统，导致免疫反馈增加以及中枢神经系统内源性神经元淀粉样蛋白增加。此外，早期临床研究表明，用有益细菌或益生菌改变微生物群会影响AD患者的脑功能。新方法聚焦于疾病修饰药物在AD中可能的神经保护作用。在本综述中，我们讨论了肠道微生物群对大脑的影响，并回顾了新出现的研究，这些研究表明微生物群-脑轴的破坏可通过介导神经炎症来影响AD。此类新方法可能有助于开发AD的新型治疗方法。
