School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, China.
Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, China.
Nat Commun. 2024 Aug 6;15(1):6663. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-51145-8.
A wide variety of metabolic gene clusters exist in eukaryotic genomes, but fatty acid metabolic gene clusters have not been discovered. Here, combining with metabolic and phenotypic genome-wide association studies, we identify a major locus containing a six-gene fatty acid metabolic gene cluster on chromosome 3 (FGC3) that controls the cutin monomer hydroxymonoacylglycerols (HMGs) contents and rice yield, possibly through variation in the transcription of FGC3 members. We show that HMGs are sequentially synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum by OsFAR2, OsKCS11, OsGPAT6, OsCYP704B2 and subsequently transported to the apoplast by OsABCG22 and OsLTPL82. Mutation of FGC3 members reduces HMGs, leading to defective male reproductive development and a significant decrease in yield. OsMADS6 and OsMADS17 directly regulate FGC3 and thus influence male reproduction and yield. FGC3 is conserved in Poaceae and likely formed prior to the divergence of Pharus latifolius. The eukaryotic fatty acid and plant primary metabolic gene cluster we identified show a significant impact on the origin and evolution of Poaceae and has potential for application in hybrid crop breeding.
真核生物基因组中存在多种多样的代谢基因簇，但尚未发现脂肪酸代谢基因簇。在这里，我们结合代谢和表型全基因组关联研究，鉴定出一个位于 3 号染色体上的包含六个脂肪酸代谢基因簇的主要基因座（FGC3），该基因座控制角质单体羟单酰甘油（HMGs）的含量和水稻产量，可能是通过 FGC3 成员的转录变化来实现的。我们表明，HMGs 在内质网中由 OsFAR2、OsKCS11、OsGPAT6、OsCYP704B2 依次合成，然后由 OsABCG22 和 OsLTPL82 转运到质外体。FGC3 成员的突变会减少 HMGs，导致雄性生殖发育缺陷和产量显著降低。OsMADS6 和 OsMADS17 直接调控 FGC3，从而影响雄性生殖和产量。FGC3 在禾本科中是保守的，可能在 Pharus latifolius 分化之前就已经形成。我们鉴定的真核脂肪酸和植物初级代谢基因簇对禾本科的起源和进化有显著影响，并有可能应用于杂种作物的培育。
