School of Nursing, University of Michigan, 400 North Ingalls Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
Michigan Society of Fellows, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Aug 6;24(1):2123. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-19449-y.
Too much sedentary behavior (SB) and too little physical activity (PA) place adult workers at risk for chronic illness. It remains unclear which occupations and subgroups within occupations have the highest and lowest SB and PA, and little is known about the effects of organizational factors on these behaviors and metrics. Thus, our main aims were to review and summarize evidence describing daily SB and PA collected using accelerometry across various occupations and to identify organizational factors influencing SB and PA.
A literature search of six databases was performed for relevant studies published through March 2023. Eligible studies were in English, targeted working populations, had a sample size > 75, and objectively measured both SB and PA for seven consecutive days using accelerometers. Following PRISMA guidelines, 5,197 studies were identified, and 19 articles met our inclusion criteria. Five of these studies were included in a meta-analysis comparing time spent in SB, light PA (LPA), and moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) across occupations. Methodological quality was assessed using a Joanna Briggs Institute tool.
We found that 63% of the studies reported daily time spent in SB and in MVPA, but fewer reported LPA, moderate PA, and vigorous PA. The average time spent in SB was 553.34 min/day, in LPA was 299.77 min/day, and in MVPA was 33.87 min/day. In occupational subgroup analysis, we observed that office workers had 2.3 h more SB, 2.4 less hours LPA, and 14 min less MVPA per day than nurses. However, most studies either did not specify workers' occupations or grouped occupations. Shift work and workplace facilities significantly influenced SB and PA, but organizational factors affecting these behaviors were not sufficiently investigated (e.g., occupation type, work environment and workplace facilities, and shift work).
More research is needed to explore SB and PA patterns within occupational subgroups. Additionally, it is important to explore work-related individual (e.g., job task), interpersonal (e.g., social support from colleagues), organizational (e.g., work policy), and environmental factors influencing SB and PA. Future studies should also investigate the association of these factors with SB and PA.
过多的久坐行为（SB）和过少的身体活动（PA）使成年工作者面临患慢性病的风险。目前尚不清楚哪些职业以及职业中的哪些亚组具有最高和最低的 SB 和 PA，并且对于组织因素对这些行为和指标的影响知之甚少。因此，我们的主要目的是综述和总结使用加速度计在各种职业中收集的有关日常 SB 和 PA 的证据，并确定影响 SB 和 PA 的组织因素。
对六数据库进行文献检索，以查找截至 2023 年 3 月发表的相关研究。符合条件的研究为英文，以工作人群为目标人群，样本量大于 75，并且使用加速度计连续七天客观测量 SB 和 PA。根据 PRISMA 指南，共确定了 5197 项研究，其中 19 项文章符合纳入标准。其中 5 项研究纳入了一项比较不同职业间 SB、低强度 PA（LPA）和中等到剧烈 PA（MVPA）的时间分配的荟萃分析。使用 Joanna Briggs 研究所工具评估方法学质量。
我们发现，63%的研究报告了每天 SB 和 MVPA 的时间，但是较少的研究报告了 LPA、中等强度 PA 和剧烈 PA。每天 SB 时间平均为 553.34 分钟，LPA 时间为 299.77 分钟，MVPA 时间为 33.87 分钟。在职业亚组分析中，我们观察到与护士相比，办公室工作人员每天的 SB 时间多 2.3 小时，LPA 时间少 2.4 小时，MVPA 时间少 14 分钟。但是，大多数研究要么没有指定工人的职业，要么将职业进行了分组。轮班工作和工作场所设施对 SB 和 PA 有显著影响，但对影响这些行为的组织因素的研究还不够充分（例如，职业类型、工作环境和工作场所设施以及轮班工作）。
需要进一步研究探索职业亚组内的 SB 和 PA 模式。此外，探索与 SB 和 PA 相关的工作相关个体（例如，工作任务）、人际（例如，同事的社会支持）、组织（例如，工作政策）和环境因素非常重要。未来的研究还应调查这些因素与 SB 和 PA 的关系。
