Crisis, Disaster and Risk Management, College of Natural Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Aug 6;24(1):2126. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-19655-8.
The profound impact of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has led to an increased demand for sustainable pandemic governance practices. This study explored emerging hybrid governance practices that provide robust evidence on how to address the complex challenges of pandemics effectively. South Korea, which was severely affected by COVID-19, has implemented a novel governance approach using a whole-of-nation (WoN) model. This hybrid pandemic governance approach, which integrates both whole-of-government and whole-of-society approaches, has enabled synergistic and cohesive multi-sectoral coordination among all stakeholders (public authorities, private enterprises, and civil society) to address multifaceted challenges collectively and strengthen their resilience capacity. This study investigated South Korea's WoN practices and their embedded context and identified key governance enablers facilitating this approach.
This study employed a case study design based on an extensive analysis of policy and program documents, drawing on South Korea's publicly available data from January 1, 2020 to March 30, 2023. It assessed six system-level collaborative pandemic governance practices and key enablers, all of which were intended to fortify the country's pandemic response.
The primary areas of the country's WoN governance practices for COVID-19 control were (i) whole-of-government policy-making and response, (ii) COVID-19 testing system, (iii) digital surveillance of COVID-19, (iv) COVID-19 triage and treatment system, (v) domestic vaccine production, and (vi) community engagement. Key governance enablers for implementing the WoN model were establishing a legal foundation, ensuring decisive and strong governance and leadership, increasing public investment, applying a whole-of-health approach with augmented investment in public health, enhancing crisis communication, and mobilizing local leaders and civil society organizations in the national public health response.
In exploring innovative approaches to pandemic governance for increased efficacy, responsiveness, and impact, the WoN approach emerged as highly relevant. This example of emerging practice allows policy-makers to re-evaluate their governance strategies and initiatives to improve multi-agency partnerships across the country in their pandemic-preparedness planning.
冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的深远影响导致人们对可持续大流行治理实践的需求增加。本研究探讨了新兴的混合治理实践，为有效应对大流行的复杂挑战提供了有力证据。韩国曾深受 COVID-19 的影响，采用了一种全新的治理方法，即全民（WoN）模式。这种混合的大流行治理方法整合了全政府和全社会的方法，使所有利益相关者（公共当局、私营企业和民间社会）能够协同和协调地开展多部门合作，共同应对多方面的挑战，并增强其恢复能力。本研究调查了韩国的 WoN 实践及其嵌入的背景，并确定了促进这种方法的关键治理推动者。
本研究采用基于案例的研究设计，对政策和计划文件进行了广泛分析，并利用韩国 2020 年 1 月 1 日至 2023 年 3 月 30 日公开的数据。它评估了六个系统层面的协作大流行治理实践和关键推动者，所有这些都是为了加强该国的大流行应对。
韩国控制 COVID-19 的 WoN 治理实践的主要领域是（i）全政府的决策和应对，（ii）COVID-19 检测系统，（iii）COVID-19 的数字监测，（iv）COVID-19 的分诊和治疗系统，（v）国内疫苗生产，以及（vi）社区参与。实施 WoN 模式的关键治理推动者包括建立法律基础，确保果断和强有力的治理和领导，增加公共投资，应用整体健康方法，增加对公共卫生的投资，加强危机沟通，并在国家公共卫生应对中动员地方领导人和民间社会组织。
在探索提高疗效、响应能力和影响力的大流行治理创新方法时，WoN 方法非常相关。这种新兴实践的例子使政策制定者能够重新评估他们的治理策略和举措，以改善全国范围内的多机构伙伴关系，为大流行做好准备。
