Department of Biology, State Institute of Viticulture and Enology (WBI), Merzhauser Strasse 119, 79100, Freiburg, Germany.
Department of Phytopathology, University of Hohenheim, Otto-Sander-Strasse 5, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany.
Virol J. 2024 Aug 6;21(1):178. doi: 10.1186/s12985-024-02453-4.
Grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV) infects grapevines worldwide and causes symptoms such as chlorotic mottling and deformations on leaves, stunted shoots and short panicles, or none of these symptoms if it appears as latent infection. So far, the consequences of GPGV infections for winegrowers are difficult to assess since important information such as plant performance at different GPGV infection levels and symptom expression are not fully clarified.
In order to investigate the course of GPGV spread, annual visual evaluations and ELISA tests were conducted over 3-4 consecutive years in four GPGV-infected vineyards in southern Germany: GEM, HEC, NIM, and REI. The program PATCHY was used to analyze spatial disease patterns. Sanger sequencing was used to determine virus isolates in vines at different GPGV infection levels, to test their respective influence on symptom expression. Yield and GrapeScan (FTIR) analyses were conducted to test the impact of different GPGV infection levels and isolates on fruit quantity and quality.
GPGV infections significantly increased in all four vineyards (GEM 22-32%, HEC 50-99%, NIM 83-90%, REI 56-76%) with significant spreading patterns across and along rows. Specific symptom progression patterns were not observed. According to our results, the virus isolate has an influence on whether symptoms develop during a GPGV infection. While yield analyses revealed that yield losses only occur in symptomatic vines and range from 13 to 96% depending on the severity of symptoms, latent infections have no impact on grape production. No relevant effects of GPGV infections on must quality were observed.
Secondary spread of GPGV was observed in all vineyards monitored, indicating vector-borne transmission that is likely to be accelerated by human viticultural management. GPGV should be further monitored to prevent the accumulation of detrimental symptomatic isolates. The results of this study can be used to assess the risk of GPGV to viticulture and should be considered when developing management strategies against the virus.
葡萄卷叶相关病毒（GPGV）在全球范围内感染葡萄藤，导致叶片出现黄化斑驳和畸形、嫩梢和短穗等症状，如果呈潜伏感染，则没有这些症状。到目前为止，GPGV 感染对葡萄种植者的影响还难以评估，因为没有充分阐明重要信息，例如不同 GPGV 感染水平下的植物表现和症状表达。
为了研究 GPGV 的传播过程，在德国南部的四个 GPGV 感染葡萄园（GEM、HEC、NIM 和 REI）中，连续 3-4 年进行了年度视觉评估和 ELISA 检测：使用 PATCHY 程序分析空间疾病模式。桑格测序用于确定不同 GPGV 感染水平下葡萄藤中的病毒分离物，以测试它们对症状表达的各自影响。进行产量和 GrapeScan（FTIR）分析，以测试不同 GPGV 感染水平和分离物对果实数量和质量的影响。
所有四个葡萄园（GEM 22-32%、HEC 50-99%、NIM 83-90%、REI 56-76%）的 GPGV 感染均显著增加，且具有显著的跨行和行长传播模式。未观察到特定的症状进展模式。根据我们的结果，病毒分离物会影响 GPGV 感染期间是否出现症状。虽然产量分析表明，仅在出现症状的葡萄藤中才会出现产量损失，损失范围为 13-96%，具体取决于症状的严重程度，但潜伏感染对葡萄产量没有影响。未观察到 GPGV 感染对葡萄汁质量有任何相关影响。
在所监测的所有葡萄园均观察到 GPGV 的二次传播，表明存在媒介传播，这种传播可能会因人类葡萄栽培管理而加速。应进一步监测 GPGV，以防止有害症状分离物的积累。本研究的结果可用于评估 GPGV 对葡萄栽培的风险，并在制定针对该病毒的管理策略时应予以考虑。
