Taste Plasticity in Nutrition and Health: A Scoping Review.

Taste sensation is at the intersection of nutrition and health. Our food choices are shaped by the foods we like, but our dietary habits can, in turn, influence how we sense food. This phenomenon, known as diet-induced taste plasticity, has received renewed attention as a tool for designing healthier foods and retraining eating habits. This review synthesizes emerging data from humans and model organisms to characterize how dietary environments shape taste sensation while exploring its underlying molecular and physiological mechanisms. Although there is still so much to discover about this phenomenon, accumulating evidence suggests an inverse relationship between a tastant concentration and the ability of the organism to respond to it. The effects largely depend on diet, but body weight changes play a role in specific dietary settings. Several mechanisms are at play, including receptor abundance and function, neuroendocrine signaling, gene expression, and neuroinflammation. Many open questions on mechanisms remain, including the concentration and times of exposure for effects to manifest and the consequences for nutrition and health. Beyond mechanisms, future research should explore strategies to leverage taste adaptation for healthier food design.