Zhang Zhiwen, Chen Xiaoyu, Xu Liyu, Qin Xiao, Veloo Arsaythamby
Faculty of Sports and Health, Chongqing Electronic Information College, Chongqing, China.
Faculty of Social Sciences & Liberal Arts, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Front Psychol. 2024 Jul 24;15:1400094. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1400094. eCollection 2024.
Sport anxiety not only impacts the performance of college athletes but also influences their psychological well-being. The psychological well-being of sports students is crucial for both academic performance and competition, as they need to balance their academic performance with professional athletic training.
Based on self-determination theory, this study examines the relationship between various factors in sport anxiety (somatic anxiety, worry, and concentration disruption) and subjective happiness, as well as the mediating role of need satisfaction in this relationship. A total of 835 college athletic students participated in the study, completing the Sport Anxiety Scale-2, Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction Scale-in General, and Subjective Happiness Scale.
An analysis of gender differences revealed that female participants scored significantly higher on somatic anxiety ( = -2.21, = 833, = 0.028, Cohen's = -0.155) and worry ( = -3.17, = 833, = 0.002, Cohen's = -0.223) compared to males. In the analysis by sport type, participants engaged in team sports scored significantly higher on somatic anxiety ( = 2.70, = 833, = 0.007, Cohen's = 0.187), Worry ( = 1.97, = 833, = 0.049, Cohen's = 0.136), and concentration disruption ( = 2.73, = 833, = 0.007, Cohen's = 0.189) than those in individual sports. Additionally, in the analysis by grade level, freshman college athletes exhibited significantly lower sport anxiety compared to sophomore athletes [(4, 830) = 4.06, = 0.003, =0.019]. The mediation analysis revealed that concentration disruption in sport anxiety is significantly and negatively related to subjective happiness. Additionally, need satisfaction (competence, autonomy, and relatedness) mediates the relationship between worry, as well as concentration disruption in sport anxiety and subjective happiness.
Future research should build on the current study by employing longitudinal designs and integrating multiple objective measures to further explore the relationship between sport anxiety and subjective happiness.
运动焦虑不仅会影响大学生运动员的表现，还会影响他们的心理健康。体育专业学生的心理健康对于学业成绩和比赛都至关重要，因为他们需要在学业成绩和专业体育训练之间取得平衡。
基于自我决定理论，本研究考察了运动焦虑的各种因素（躯体焦虑、担忧和注意力分散）与主观幸福感之间的关系，以及需求满足在这种关系中的中介作用。共有835名大学体育专业学生参与了这项研究，他们完成了《运动焦虑量表-2》《基本心理需求满足量表-通用版》和《主观幸福感量表》。
性别差异分析显示，与男性相比，女性参与者在躯体焦虑（t = -2.21，df = 833，p = 0.028，科恩d = -0.155）和担忧（t = -3.17，df = 833，p = 0.002，科恩d = -0.223）方面得分显著更高。在按运动类型进行的分析中，团队运动参与者在躯体焦虑（t = 2.70，df = 833，p = 0.007，科恩d = 0.187）、担忧（t = 1.97，df = 833，p = 0.049，科恩d = 0.136）和注意力分散（t = 2.73，df = 833，p = 0.007，科恩d = 0.189）方面的得分显著高于个人运动参与者。此外，在按年级水平进行的分析中，大学一年级运动员的运动焦虑显著低于二年级运动员[(F(4, 830) = 4.06，p = 0.003，η² = 0.019]。中介分析表明，运动焦虑中的注意力分散与主观幸福感显著负相关。此外，需求满足（能力、自主性和关联性）在担忧以及运动焦虑中的注意力分散与主观幸福感之间的关系中起中介作用。
未来的研究应在本研究的基础上，采用纵向设计并整合多种客观测量方法，以进一步探索运动焦虑与主观幸福感之间的关系。
