Institute of Mathematics, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
iYoni App-For Fertility Treatment, LifeBite, 10-763 Olsztyn, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Aug 1;25(15):8431. doi: 10.3390/ijms25158431.
Ageing populations, mass "baby-free" policies and children born to mothers at the age at which they are biologically expected to become grandmothers are growing problems in most developed societies. Therefore, any opportunity to improve the quality of infertility treatments seems important for the survival of societies. The possibility of indirectly studying the quality of developing oocytes by examining their follicular fluids (hFFs) offers new opportunities for progress in our understanding the processes of final oocyte maturation and, consequently, for predicting the quality of the resulting embryos and personalising their culture. Using mass spectrometry, we studied follicular fluids collected individually during in vitro fertilisation and compared their composition with the quality of the resulting embryos. We analysed 110 follicular fluids from 50 oocyte donors, from which we obtained 44 high-quality, 39 medium-quality, and 27 low-quality embryos. We identified 2182 proteins by Sequential Window Acquisition of all Theoretical Mass Spectra (SWATH-MS) using a TripleTOF 5600+ hybrid mass spectrometer, of which 484 were suitable for quantification. We were able to identify several proteins whose concentrations varied between the follicular fluids of different oocytes from the same patient and between patients. Among them, the most important appear to be immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1 (IgA1hc) and dickkopf-related protein 3. The first one is found at higher concentrations in hFFs from which oocytes develop into poor-quality embryos, the other one exhibits the opposite pattern. None of these have, so far, had any specific links to fertility disorders. In light of these findings, these proteins should be considered a primary target for research aimed at developing a diagnostic tool for oocyte quality control and pre-fertilisation screening. This is particularly important in cases where the fertilisation of each egg is not an option for ethical or other reasons, or in countries where it is prohibited by law.
人口老龄化、大规模“无孩”政策以及母亲在生物学上成为祖母的年龄生育子女，这些都是大多数发达社会日益严重的问题。因此，任何提高不孕治疗质量的机会似乎都对社会的生存至关重要。通过检查卵泡液（hFF）来间接研究卵母细胞质量的可能性为我们深入了解卵母细胞最终成熟过程提供了新的机会，并因此为预测胚胎质量和个性化培养提供了可能。我们使用质谱法对体外受精过程中单独采集的卵泡液进行了研究，并将其组成与所得胚胎的质量进行了比较。我们分析了 50 位供卵者的 110 份卵泡液，从中获得了 44 枚高质量、39 枚中等质量和 27 枚低质量胚胎。我们使用 TripleTOF 5600+ 杂交质谱仪通过 Sequential Window Acquisition of all Theoretical Mass Spectra（SWATH-MS）鉴定了 2182 种蛋白质，其中 484 种适合定量分析。我们能够鉴定出一些蛋白质，它们在来自同一患者的不同卵母细胞的卵泡液之间以及在不同患者之间的浓度存在差异。其中，最重要的似乎是免疫球蛋白重链恒定区α 1（IgA1hc）和 dickkopf 相关蛋白 3。前者在卵泡液中的浓度较高，这些卵泡液中的卵母细胞发育成质量较差的胚胎，后者则相反。到目前为止，这些蛋白质都没有与生育障碍有任何特定的联系。鉴于这些发现，这些蛋白质应被视为研究的主要目标，旨在开发卵母细胞质量控制和受精前筛选的诊断工具。这在每个卵子的受精都因伦理或其他原因不可行的情况下，或者在法律禁止的国家，尤为重要。
