National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China.
National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Oct;278(Pt 1):134642. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134642. Epub 2024 Aug 10.
The effect of whey protein isolate (WPI)- galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS)/fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) conjugates on RAW264.7 cells, and further the effect of WPI-GOS conjugates on CTX-induced immunosuppressed mice were investigated. Compared to WPI-FOS conjugates, WPI-GOS conjugates exhibited deeper glycation extent, more pronounced structural unfolding and helix-destabilizing, and obviously improved functional indicators of RAW264.7 macrophages. In addition, WPI-GOS conjugates also repaired immune organ and intestinal barrier and increased IL-1β and IFN-γ levels in immunosuppressed mice. The alteration of gut microbiota induced by WPI-GOS conjugates changed the serum metabolites, causing the activation of NFκB pathway, which strengthens the immune system. The activation of NFκB pathway maybe associated with the mTOR signal pathway and ABC transporters. However, the precise mechanisms by which NFκB pathway interacts with mTOR signal pathway and ABC transporters to modulate the immune response need for further research.
乳清蛋白分离物（WPI）-半乳糖低聚糖（GOS）/果糖低聚糖（FOS）缀合物对 RAW264.7 细胞的影响，以及 WPI-GOS 缀合物对 CTX 诱导的免疫抑制小鼠的影响进行了研究。与 WPI-FOS 缀合物相比，WPI-GOS 缀合物表现出更深的糖化程度、更明显的结构展开和螺旋去稳定化，以及 RAW264.7 巨噬细胞明显改善的功能指标。此外，WPI-GOS 缀合物还修复了免疫器官和肠道屏障，并增加了免疫抑制小鼠中 IL-1β 和 IFN-γ 的水平。WPI-GOS 缀合物诱导的肠道微生物群的改变改变了血清代谢物，导致 NFκB 途径的激活，从而增强了免疫系统。NFκB 途径的激活可能与 mTOR 信号通路和 ABC 转运体有关。然而，NFκB 途径与 mTOR 信号通路和 ABC 转运体相互作用调节免疫反应的确切机制需要进一步研究。
