Dash Jyoshna Rani, Pattnaik Gurudutta, Samal Himansu Bhusan, Pradhan Gangadhar, Baral Choudhury Pratyush Kumar, Behera Biswajit, Kar Biswakanth
School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Village Alluri Nagar, R. Sitarpur, Odisha, 751050, India.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India.
Curr Drug Discov Technol. 2025;22(4):e15701638311058. doi: 10.2174/0115701638311058240806100555.
In medicine, bioavailability is the percentage of a drug that enters the bloodstream and can be used to treat a patient. It has proven challenging throughout time to develop techniques that allow oral administration of most drugs, regardless of their properties, to achieve therapeutic systemic availability. This will be an impressive feat, considering that over 90% of pharmaceuticals are known to have limitations on their oral bioavailability. Improving bioavailability is crucial for optimizing the efficacy and safety of drugs. This review covers a wide range of techniques, including physical, chemical, and formulation approaches, highlighting their mechanisms, advantages, and limitations. Inhibitions of efflux pumps, inhibition of presystemic metabolism, and innovative drug delivery systems that capitalize on the gastrointestinal regionality of medicines are some of the new techniques that have drawn increased interest. Nanotechnology in pharmaceuticals is also being used in this field. We have collected the literature data from 2009 to 2024 using Science Direct, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar.
在医学中，生物利用度是指进入血液循环并可用于治疗患者的药物百分比。长期以来，开发能够使大多数药物通过口服给药（无论其性质如何）以实现治疗性全身可用性的技术一直具有挑战性。考虑到已知超过90%的药物在口服生物利用度方面存在局限性，这将是一项令人瞩目的成就。提高生物利用度对于优化药物的疗效和安全性至关重要。本综述涵盖了广泛的技术，包括物理、化学和制剂方法，突出了它们的作用机制、优点和局限性。抑制外排泵、抑制首过代谢以及利用药物胃肠道区域特性的创新药物递送系统是一些引起越来越多关注的新技术。药物中的纳米技术也正在该领域得到应用。我们使用科学Direct、PubMed/Medline、Scopus和谷歌学术搜索收集了2009年至2024年的文献数据。
