Chopra Pradeep, Page Caroline K, Shepard Justin D, Ray Sean D, Kandeil Ahmed, Jeevan Trushar, Bowman Andrew S, Ellebedy Ali H, Webby Richard J, de Vries Robert P, Tompkins S Mark, Boons Geert-Jan
Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Center for Influenza Disease and Emergence Response (CIDER), University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
bioRxiv. 2024 Jul 31:2024.07.30.605893. doi: 10.1101/2024.07.30.605893.
Outbreaks in the US of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) in dairy cows have been occurring for months creating new possibilities for direct contact between the virus and humans. Eisfeld examined the pathogenicity and transmissibility of a bovine HPAI H5N1 virus isolated from New Mexico in a series of and assays. They found the virus has a dual human- and avian virus-like receptor-binding specificity as measured in a solid phase glycan binding assay. Here, we examined the receptor specificity of a bovine HPAI H5N1 virus (A/bovine/OH/B24OSU-432/2024, H5N1, clade 2.3.4.4b) employing four different assays including glycan array technology, bio-layer interferometry (BLI), a solid phase capture assay and hemagglutination of glycan remodeled erythrocytes. As controls, well characterized avian (A/Vietnam/1203/2004, H5N1, clade 1) and human (A/CA/04/2009, H1N1) IAVs were included that bind α2,3- and α2,6-sialosides, respectively. We found that A/bovine/OH/B24OSU-432/2024 preferentially binds to "avian type" receptors (α2,3-sialosides). Furthermore, sequence alignments showed that A/bovine has maintained amino acids in its HA associated with α2,3-sialoside (avian) receptor specificity. We conclude that while we find no evidence that A/bovine has acquired human virus receptor binding specificity, ongoing efforts must be placed on monitoring for this trait.
美国奶牛中高致病性禽流感病毒（H5N1）的疫情已持续数月，这为病毒与人类的直接接触创造了新的可能性。艾斯费尔德在一系列实验中检测了从新墨西哥州分离出的牛源高致病性禽流感H5N1病毒的致病性和传播性。他们发现，在固相聚糖结合试验中，该病毒具有类似人类和禽类病毒的双重受体结合特异性。在此，我们采用四种不同的试验，包括聚糖微阵列技术、生物层干涉术（BLI）、固相捕获试验和聚糖重塑红细胞的血凝试验，检测了牛源高致病性禽流感H5N1病毒（A/牛/俄亥俄州/B24OSU - 432/2024，H5N1，2.3.4.4b分支）的受体特异性。作为对照，纳入了特征明确的分别结合α2,3 - 和α2,6 - 唾液酸苷的禽源（A/越南/1203/2004，H5N1，1分支）和人源（A/加利福尼亚/04/2009，H1N1）甲型流感病毒。我们发现A/牛/俄亥俄州/B24OSU - 432/2024优先结合“禽源型”受体（α2,3 - 唾液酸苷）。此外，序列比对显示，A/牛毒株的血凝素中与α2,3 - 唾液酸苷（禽源）受体特异性相关的氨基酸得以保留。我们的结论是，虽然没有证据表明A/牛毒株获得了人类病毒受体结合特异性，但仍必须持续监测这一特性。
