University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, Cologne, Germany.
University Hospital, Centre for Palliative Medicine, Cologne, Germany.
GMS J Med Educ. 2024 Jun 17;41(3):Doc27. doi: 10.3205/zma001682. eCollection 2024.
In 2009, Palliative care was incorporated into the medical curriculum as Cross-Sectional Subject 13 (QB13) by means of the revision of the Medical Licensing Regulations for Physicians. The aim of this study was to determine the strengths and deficits of QB13 student education for palliative care in clinical practice in a multi-centre setting and to identify potential for improvement.
Online questionnaires filled out by medical students during their Practical Year (PY) and resident physicians from the university hospitals in Aachen, Düsseldorf, and Cologne were descriptively analyzed using SPSS; free-text responses were categorized and quantified. Semi-structured interviews with the resident physicians (using a mixed-methods design) were analyzed through content analysis. Emerging categories were quantified.
Analysis of 130 fully completed questionnaires and 23 interviews revealed that participants particularly benefited from patient- and practice-oriented small-group sessions for their clinical work. Despite some university-specific differences, the PY students identified a need for training in end-of-life-care, while resident physicians saw a need for training primarily in dealing with patients and their relatives. They also reported deficits in transferability.
QB13 should be organised in cross-university curricula and provide sufficient resources for practical-oriented small-group teaching. Based on the "unit of care", besides caring for palliative patients, dealing with patients' families should also be an education focus. To improve transferability into clinical practice, students should be actively involved in the care of palliative patients.
2009 年，通过修订《医师行医执照规章》，将姑息治疗纳入医学课程中的跨学科课程 13（QB13）。本研究旨在确定 QB13 在多中心环境下对医学生姑息治疗临床实践教育的优势和不足，并确定改进的潜力。
在亚琛、杜塞尔多夫和科隆的大学附属医院工作的医学生在实习年（PY）期间在线填写问卷，并由住院医师填写，使用 SPSS 进行描述性分析；对自由文本的回复进行分类和量化。对住院医师进行半结构化访谈（采用混合方法设计），通过内容分析进行分析。对新出现的类别进行量化。
对 130 份完整填写的问卷和 23 份访谈进行分析后发现，参与者特别受益于面向患者和实践的小型小组课程，以支持他们的临床工作。尽管存在一些大学特有的差异，但 PY 学生认为需要接受临终关怀培训，而住院医师则认为主要需要接受处理患者及其家属的培训。他们还报告了可转移性方面的不足。
QB13 应在跨大学课程中组织，并为面向实践的小组教学提供足够的资源。基于“护理单元”，除了照顾姑息治疗患者外，还应将处理患者家属作为教育重点。为了提高向临床实践的可转移性，学生应积极参与姑息治疗患者的护理。
