ChatGPT 对创造力影响的实证研究。
An empirical investigation of the impact of ChatGPT on creativity.
机构信息
Department of Marketing, Bauer College of Business, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
Department of Marketing, Jones Graduate School of Business, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
出版信息
Nat Hum Behav. 2024 Oct;8(10):1906-1914. doi: 10.1038/s41562-024-01953-1. Epub 2024 Aug 12.
This paper investigates the potential of ChatGPT for helping humans tackle problems that require creativity. Across five experiments, we asked participants to use ChatGPT (GPT-3.5) to generate creative ideas for various everyday and innovation-related problems, including choosing a creative gift for a teenager, making a toy, repurposing unused items and designing an innovative dining table. We found that using ChatGPT increased the creativity of the generated ideas compared with not using any technology or using a conventional Web search (Google). This effect remained robust regardless of whether the problem required consideration of many (versus few) constraints and whether it was viewed as requiring empathetic concern. Furthermore, ChatGPT was most effective at generating incrementally (versus radically) new ideas. Process evidence suggests that the positive influence of ChatGPT can be attributed to its capability to combine remotely related concepts into a cohesive form, leading to a more articulate presentation of ideas.
本文探讨了 ChatGPT 在帮助人类解决需要创造力的问题方面的潜力。在五项实验中,我们要求参与者使用 ChatGPT(GPT-3.5)为各种日常和创新相关的问题生成创意想法,包括为青少年选择创意礼物、制作玩具、重新利用未使用的物品和设计创新型餐桌。我们发现,与不使用任何技术或使用传统的网络搜索(谷歌)相比,使用 ChatGPT 增加了生成想法的创造力。无论问题是否需要考虑许多(与少数)约束,以及是否被视为需要同理心,这种效果都是稳健的。此外,ChatGPT 在生成渐进式(而不是激进式)新想法方面最为有效。过程证据表明,ChatGPT 的积极影响可以归因于它将远程相关概念组合成一个连贯形式的能力,从而更清晰地表达了想法。