Souto-Lopes M, Grenho L, Manrique Y, Dias M M, Lopes J C B, Fernandes M H, Monteiro F J, Salgado C L
i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2024 Jul 30;12:1355950. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1355950. eCollection 2024.
The most recent progress in reconstructive therapy for the management of periodontitis and peri-implantitis bone defects has relied on the development of highly porous biodegradable bioaerogels for guided bone regeneration. The objective of this work was to evaluate the osteoinduction of periodontal-originating cells (human dental follicle mesenchymal cells, DFMSCs) promoted by a nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan (nHAp/CS) bioaerogel, which was purified and sterilized by a sustainable technique (supercritical CO). Moreover, the bone regeneration capacity of the nHAp/CS bioaerogel was preliminarily assessed as a proof-of-concept on a rat calvaria bone defect model. The quantification of DNA content of DFMSCs seeded upon nHAp/CS and CS scaffolds (control material) showed a significant increase from the 14th to the 21st day of culture. These results were corroborated through confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis (CLSM). Furthermore, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity increased significantly on the 21st day, similarly for both materials. Moreover, the presence of nHAp promoted a significantly higher expression of osteogenic genes after 21 days when compared to CS scaffolds and control. CLSM images of 21 days of culture also showed an increased deposition of OPN over the nHAp/CS surface. The bone formation was assessed by microCT and histological analysis. The evaluation showed a significant increase in bone volume in the nHAp/CS test group when compared to CS and the empty control, as well as higher new bone formation and calcium deposition within the nHAp/CS structure. Overall, the present study showed that the nHAp/CS bioaerogel could offer a potential solution for periodontal and peri-implant bone regeneration treatments since the results demonstrated that it provided favorable conditions for DFMSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation, while the outcomes confirmed that it promoted higher bone ingrowth.
牙周炎和种植体周围炎骨缺损重建治疗的最新进展依赖于用于引导骨再生的高孔隙率可生物降解生物气凝胶的开发。这项工作的目的是评估由纳米羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖（nHAp/CS）生物气凝胶促进的牙周来源细胞（人牙囊间充质细胞，DFMSCs）的骨诱导作用，该生物气凝胶通过可持续技术（超临界CO₂）进行纯化和灭菌。此外，在大鼠颅骨骨缺损模型上初步评估了nHAp/CS生物气凝胶的骨再生能力，作为概念验证。接种在nHAp/CS和CS支架（对照材料）上的DFMSCs的DNA含量定量显示，从培养的第14天到第21天有显著增加。这些结果通过共聚焦激光扫描显微镜分析（CLSM）得到了证实。此外，碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性在第21天显著增加，两种材料情况类似。而且，与CS支架和对照相比，nHAp的存在在21天后促进了成骨基因的显著更高表达。培养21天的CLSM图像还显示，骨桥蛋白（OPN）在nHAp/CS表面的沉积增加。通过显微CT和组织学分析评估骨形成。评估显示，与CS和空白对照相比，nHAp/CS测试组的骨体积显著增加，并且nHAp/CS结构内有更高的新骨形成和钙沉积。总体而言，本研究表明，nHAp/CS生物气凝胶可为牙周和种植体周围骨再生治疗提供潜在解决方案，因为结果表明它为DFMSC增殖和成骨分化提供了有利条件，同时结果证实它促进了更高的骨向内生长。
