Obeng-Gyasi Emmanuel
Department of Built Environment and Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA.
Int Public Health J. 2024 Jan-Mar;16(1):3-10.
The combined effects of lead exposure and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and how they cause cardiovascular dysfunction are examined in this viewpoint manuscript. Lead was picked as a representative environmental contaminant because it has been studied extensively for more than 40 years, while SARS-CoV-2 illustrates the unpredictability of a new infectious agent that can quickly increase the environmental burden on communities. Given that this interaction represents a plausible combined exposure for many people, it is crucial to discuss how it might happen at a mechanistic level. SARS-CoV-2 causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which can spread by contact and respiratory droplets. One may be exposed to lead and SARS-CoV-2 simultaneously depending on their living situation. Uncertainty exists regarding the consequences of this exposure on cardiovascular disease and its underlying processes. This paper aims to investigate these mechanisms and provide potential causes behind them. The interaction of lead with SARS-CoV-2 and its effects on the cardiovascular system are likely caused by direct damage, the promotion of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, oxidative stress, and inflammation. In particular, the stimulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-B), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) were all identified as potentially important pathways. Blood clotting, cytokine storm cycle development, and increased hypoxia may also be the results of this. In summary, the effects on the immune system, coagulation, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and cardiac contractility were the four primary areas identified.
本观点性论文探讨了铅暴露与严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）的联合效应，以及它们如何导致心血管功能障碍。选择铅作为代表性环境污染物，是因为在过去40多年里对其进行了广泛研究，而SARS-CoV-2则体现了一种新型传染因子的不可预测性，这种因子会迅速增加社区的环境负担。鉴于这种相互作用对许多人来说是一种可能的联合暴露，在机制层面讨论其可能如何发生至关重要。SARS-CoV-2引发2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19），可通过接触和呼吸道飞沫传播。根据个人生活状况，可能会同时接触铅和SARS-CoV-2。这种暴露对心血管疾病及其潜在过程的后果尚不确定。本文旨在研究这些机制，并揭示其背后的潜在原因。铅与SARS-CoV-2的相互作用及其对心血管系统的影响可能是由直接损伤、活性氧（ROS）生成增加、氧化应激和炎症促进所致。特别是，核因子κB（NF-κB）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF）的激活均被确定为潜在的重要途径。血液凝固、细胞因子风暴循环发展以及缺氧增加也可能是其结果。总之，对免疫系统、凝血、肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统和心脏收缩力的影响是确定的四个主要方面。
