Peripapillary and Macular Vessel Density in Unilateral Early Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma.

PRCIS

In early pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG), radial peripapillary capillary vessel density (RPC-VD) was reduced nasally, while the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinned from the nasal to temporal sectors. Nonglaucomatous fellow eyes demonstrated no RPC-VD or RNFL loss in comparison to the controls.

PURPOSE

To evaluate peripapillary and macular vessel density (VD) in unilateral early PXG and unaffected fellow eyes compared with healthy controls.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study included 28 eyes with PXG and 28 nonglaucomatous, pseudoexfoliation-free fellow eyes of 28 patients, and 28 eyes of 28 healthy participants. All subjects underwent optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) imaging. RPC-VD, macular VD, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness were compared among the groups.

RESULTS

The average RPC-VD and RNFL thickness were significantly reduced in PXG eyes compared with both fellow eyes and the control group ( P <0.001-0.002). In fellow eyes, neither RNFL thickness nor RPC-VD parameters differed from controls. In sector-based analysis, RPC-VD loss in the PXG eyes was significant in the nasal-superior, nasal-inferior, superonasal, and inferonasal sectors ( P =0.005-0.031), while RNFL thinning extended from the nasal sectors toward the superotemporal and temporal-superior sectors ( P <0.001-0.014). RPC-VD was strongly correlated with average and all sector RNFL thicknesses ( r =0.402-0.759, P <0.001-0.034). While perifoveal GCC differed from both fellow and control eyes ( P <0.001), there was no significant difference in macular VD parameters among the groups. RPC-VD and RNFL had comparable area under receiver operating curve (AUROC) values in the average and nasal sectors, while RPC-VD had no ability to distinguish PXG from controls in the superotemporal and inferotemporal sectors.

CONCLUSION

In the early stages of PXG, RNFL parameters mostly appear to have better diagnostic ability than RPC-VD parameters. Fellow eyes in the preclinical stage may not exhibit any RPC-VD and RNFL loss detectable by current OCTA technology.