Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Indian J Ophthalmol. 2024 Nov 1;72(Suppl 5):S721-S727. doi: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_1909_23. Epub 2024 Aug 14.
Myopia is a global public issue with a dramatically increasing incidence. Myopia is currently characterized by its earlier onset, quick development in preschool (0-5 years old), and continued progression particularly during the coronavirus-19 epidemic phase. It has been established that myopia experienced during childhood earlier resulted in vision impairment. In order to intervene in myopia development and offer a novel tool for earlier detection, the review attempts to identify known environmental and genetic risk factors for juvenile myopia (6-18 years old). Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases were thoroughly searched for articles on myopia that had been published within the previous 10 years. The searches were carried out separately by two experts. The study's inclusion criteria were met by 28 articles. All studies that examined the link between risk factors and myopia were recruited. Parental myopia, near work, time spent outdoors, and a high level of education are all significant risk factors for juvenile myopia. It is clear that there is a strong environmental connection, especially in high myopia; nevertheless, more research is needed to identify any potential links between myopia and screen use. Myopia's genesis and mechanism are ambiguous and unclear. Further genetic studies could aid in examining genes to comprehend the development of myopia.
近视是一个具有全球普遍性且发病率不断上升的公共问题。目前，近视的特点是发病年龄提前（0-5 岁）、发展迅速，特别是在新冠疫情期间。研究表明，儿童时期发生的近视更容易导致视力受损。为了干预近视的发展并提供早期检测的新工具，本综述试图确定青少年近视（6-18 岁）的已知环境和遗传风险因素。我们在 Medline、Embase 和 Web of Science 数据库中全面检索了过去 10 年内发表的有关近视的文章。两名专家分别进行了搜索。符合纳入标准的文章有 28 篇。所有研究近视与风险因素之间关系的文章都被招募了进来。父母近视、近距离工作、户外活动时间和较高的教育水平都是青少年近视的显著危险因素。很明显，近视与环境有很强的关联性，特别是在高度近视中；然而，仍需要更多的研究来确定近视与屏幕使用之间的任何潜在联系。近视的成因和机制尚不清楚。进一步的遗传研究可以帮助检查基因，以了解近视的发展。
