Division of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Wadura, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, India.
Directorate of Research, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, India.
Sci Rep. 2024 Aug 14;14(1):18877. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-69519-9.
This study evaluated the impact of differential sowing windows and improved weed management strategies on weed dynamics, productivity, and economic viability of direct drum seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the temperate agro-ecosystem of Kashmir. A two-year field experiment was conducted utilizing a split-plot design with two sowing dates (May 10 and June 3) as main plots and six weed management practices as sub-plots. The earlier sowing date (May 10) resulted in significantly enhanced leaf area index, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, and grain and straw yields compared to the later sowing (June 3). Among weed management treatments, four mechanized conoweedings (equivalent to weed-free conditions) and sequential application of bensulfuron methyl + pretilachlor (60 and 600 g a.i. ha) as pre-emergence followed by 2,4-D (0.75 kg a.i. ha) as post-emergence demonstrated superior efficacy in weed suppression and augmentation of crop growth parameters and yield attributes. These treatments also exhibited the lowest weed index and highest benefit-cost ratio. The May 10 sowing, coupled with efficacious weed control measures, significantly reduced weed density and biomass while concomitantly improving nutrient uptake and economic returns. The results indicate that adopting a May 10 sowing date for direct seeded rice, in conjunction with either four conoweedings or the aforementioned sequential herbicide application, can optimize agronomic productivity and economic profitability under the temperate conditions of Kashmir. The study aided in choosing the best sowing window and efficient weed management strategy for attaining higher productivity and profitability of direct seeded rice in temperate conditions.
本研究评估了不同播种窗口和改进的杂草管理策略对克什米尔温带农业生态系统中直接筒式播种水稻（Oryza sativa L.）杂草动态、生产力和经济可行性的影响。利用裂区设计，在两年田间试验中，以两个播种日期（5 月 10 日和 6 月 3 日）为主区，以六种杂草管理措施为副区。与晚播（6 月 3 日）相比，早播（5 月 10 日）显著提高了叶面积指数、作物生长率、相对生长率、净同化率以及籽粒和秸秆产量。在杂草管理处理中，四次机械化旋耕（相当于无草条件）和苯磺隆甲酯+丙草胺（60 和 600 g ai ha）的顺序施用以预防出苗，随后是 2,4-D（0.75 kg ai ha）作为出苗后处理，在抑制杂草和增加作物生长参数和产量特性方面表现出优异的效果。这些处理还表现出最低的杂草指数和最高的成本效益比。5 月 10 日的播种，加上有效的杂草控制措施，显著降低了杂草密度和生物量，同时提高了养分吸收和经济效益。结果表明，在克什米尔的温带条件下，采用 5 月 10 日的直接播种日期，并结合四次旋耕或上述顺序施药，可以优化农业生产力和经济效益。该研究有助于选择最佳的播种窗口和有效的杂草管理策略，以实现温带条件下直接播种水稻的更高生产力和更高利润。
