Alherz Mohammad, Almusawi Hashemiah, Alsayegh Ammar
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Department of Psychiatry, Kuwait Center for Mental Health, Asimah, Kuwait.
Schizophr Bull Open. 2022 Oct 19;3(1):sgac066. doi: 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgac066. eCollection 2022 Jan.
We have previously hypothesized that diglossia may be a risk factor for psychosis, drawing from observations on migration, ethnicity, social adversity, and language disturbances among others. However, empirical data on this association and the tools necessary for its measurement are limited.
In a cross-sectional online sample of first-generation migrants residing in majority English-speaking countries, a response-based decision tree was introduced to classify the sociolinguistic profiles of 1497 participants as either with or without diglossia. Using multivariate logistic regression, the association of diglossia with psychosis risk screening outcomes in the Prodromal Questionnaire-16 was calculated, adjusting for demographic and linguistic confounders. Differences in the symptom categories endorsed between the 2 groups were also examined.
Diglossia was identified in 18.4% of participants and was associated with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.58 for a positive risk screening outcome. Other significant factors included subjective social status, hearing difficulty, age, sex, country of residence, education level, and cannabis consumption. The effects of ethnicity, age at migration, fluency, relationship, and employment status were no more significant in the multivariate model. Finally, the largest differences in the proportion of positively responding participants between the two groups were found in symptoms relating to thought insertion and thought broadcasting.
In a sociolinguistic hierarchical framework, diglossia is correlated with prodromal symptoms of psychosis in first-generation migrants.
我们之前曾假设，基于对移民、种族、社会逆境及语言障碍等方面的观察，双语现象可能是精神病的一个风险因素。然而，关于这种关联及其测量所需工具的实证数据有限。
在一个居住在以英语为主要语言国家的第一代移民的横断面在线样本中，引入了一种基于反应的决策树，将1497名参与者的社会语言特征分类为有或没有双语现象。使用多变量逻辑回归，计算双语现象与前驱症状问卷 - 16中精神病风险筛查结果的关联，并对人口统计学和语言混杂因素进行调整。还检查了两组之间认可的症状类别差异。
18.4%的参与者被确定为有双语现象，且与阳性风险筛查结果的调整后优势比为2.58相关。其他显著因素包括主观社会地位、听力困难、年龄、性别、居住国、教育水平和大麻消费。在多变量模型中，种族、移民年龄、流利程度、关系和就业状况的影响不再显著。最后，两组之间阳性反应参与者比例的最大差异出现在与思维插入和思维播散相关的症状中。
在社会语言分层框架中，双语现象与第一代移民精神病的前驱症状相关。
