Radiation Doses in Routine CT Examinations for Adult Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review.

Computed tomography (CT) is an important imaging technique that produces detailed cross-sectional images for diagnosing medical conditions. However, the associated radiation exposure raises concerns. Establishing diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) helps identify unusual radiation doses and optimize exposure while maintaining diagnostic image quality. The purpose of this systematic review is to review the radiation doses received by adult patients in the head, chest, abdomen, pelvis, abdomen-pelvis (AP), and combined chest, abdomen, and pelvis (CAP) CT scans in Saudi Arabia. A search was conducted in several databases including PubMed and Google Scholar to identify studies that have established DRLs or determined radiation dose for adult CT examinations. Only studies that specifically assessed DRLs in actual adult patients were considered for inclusion. Out of a total of 31 articles that were identified as eligible, 13 were included after a thorough screening process. The values of CTDI, DLP, and effective doses were determined. The review discovered that CTDI and DLP were the most frequently used dosimetric quantities. The mean values in terms of CTDI for head, chest, abdomen, pelvis, AP, and CAP ranged from 40.67 to 61.80 mGy, 5.80 to 14.90 mGy, 8.60 to 16.15 mGy, 10.80 to 17.35 mGy, 14.10 to 16.84 mGy, and 12.00 to 22.94 mGy, respectively. The mean values in terms of DLP for head, chest, abdomen, pelvis, AP, and CAP ranged from 757 to 1212 mGy.cm, 243 to 657 mGy.cm, 369.5 to 549 mGy.cm, 379.6 to 593 mGy.cm, 658 to 940.43 mGy.cm, and 740 to 1493.8 mGy.cm, respectively. There is a fluctuation in radiation dose among CT centers, highlighting a need to provide proper education and training to radiographers. It is recommended to establish a universally accepted standardized protocol based on weight, equivalent diameter, or cross-sectional area for accurate comparisons with national and international DRLs.