Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
Aquat Toxicol. 2024 Sep;274:107051. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107051. Epub 2024 Aug 13.
This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Allium jesdianum essential oil (AJEO) in decreasing cypermethrin toxicity for rainbow trout. First, the safety of the 0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% AJEO supplements was assayed after 60 days. Then, the protective effects of AJEO were studied on fish exposed to 12.5% 96h LC50 cypermethrin after 14 days. Results showed that 1 and 1.5% AJEO administration enhanced protease and lipase activities in the intestine and improved growth performance. Moreover, feeding fish with 1 and 1.5% AJEO increased catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase activities (SOD) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA). Also, AJEO increased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in serum. However, exposure to cypermethrin significantly decreased these enzyme activities and increased MDA. The oxidative biomarkers remained normal in fish fed with AJEO after exposure to cypermethrin. The administration of 1 and 1.5% AJEO significantly decreased cortisol and glucose levels, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities. Although exposure to cypermethrin significantly increased these biochemical biomarkers, AJEO could adjust them. A significant effect of 1% AJEO on total protein and globulin was observed before and after exposure to cypermethrin. Exposure to cypermethrin decreased all immunological parameters in the serum and mucus. However, administration of 1% AJEO increased protease, lysozyme (LYS) activities, total immunoglobulin (Ig), complement C3 and C4, and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) in the serum and ALP, LYS, protease activities and Ig in mucus. In conclusion, results showed that AJEO could potentially decrease the toxicity effects of cypermethrin in fish.
本研究旨在探讨新疆大蒜精油（AJEO）对降低拟除虫菊酯对虹鳟鱼毒性的保护作用。首先，在 60 天后检测了 0%、0.5%、1%和 1.5% AJEO 补充剂的安全性。然后，在 14 天后用 12.5%96hLC50 拟除虫菊酯暴露鱼类，研究 AJEO 的保护作用。结果表明，1%和 1.5% AJEO 给药可增强肠道中的蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性，提高生长性能。此外，用 1%和 1.5% AJEO 喂养的鱼增加了过氧化氢酶（CAT）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性，降低了丙二醛（MDA）。此外，AJEO 增加了血清中的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）活性。然而，暴露于拟除虫菊酯会显著降低这些酶的活性并增加 MDA。在暴露于拟除虫菊酯后，用 AJEO 喂养的鱼的氧化生物标志物仍保持正常。用 1%和 1.5% AJEO 给药可显著降低皮质醇和葡萄糖水平、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、乳酸脱氢酶、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶和丙氨酸氨基转移酶活性。虽然暴露于拟除虫菊酯会显著增加这些生化标志物，但 AJEO 可以对其进行调节。在暴露于拟除虫菊酯前后，1% AJEO 对总蛋白和球蛋白有显著影响。暴露于拟除虫菊酯会降低血清和黏液中的所有免疫参数。然而，用 1% AJEO 给药可增加血清中的蛋白酶、溶菌酶（LYS）活性、总免疫球蛋白（Ig）、补体 C3 和 C4 以及硝基蓝四唑（NBT），并增加黏液中的碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、LYS、蛋白酶活性和 Ig。综上所述，结果表明 AJEO 可能降低拟除虫菊酯对鱼类的毒性作用。
