护士心理负荷的相关影响因素：一项潜在剖面分析。

Influencing factors associated with mental workload among nurses: A latent profile analysis.

作者信息

Jin Man, Qian Rong, Wang Jialin, Long Juan, Yuan Zhongqing, Zeng Li, Liao Dan, Liu Xu, Tang Sikai, Huang Shuangying

机构信息

Operating Room, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.

School of Nursing, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.

出版信息

Int J Nurs Sci. 2024 Apr 26;11(3):330-337. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2024.04.002. eCollection 2024 Jul.

DOI:10.1016/j.ijnss.2024.04.002

PMID:39156683

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11329065/

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to examine the latent profile of nurses' mental workload (MWL) and explore the influencing factors via a person-centred approach.

METHODS

From March to July 2023, a quantitative cross-sectional study was carried out to investigate 526 Chinese clinical nurses from five tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province, China, by using demographic information, the Perceived Social Support Scale, Simplified Coping Skill Questionnaire, and NASA-Task Load Index. Latent profile analyses were performed using Mplus 7.3 software. Pearson's chi-squared and logistic regression analysis was done using SPSS 24.0 software.

RESULTS

Three profiles of mental workload were identified based on the nurses' responses to the mental workload assessment, designated as "low MWL-high self-rated ( = 70, 13.3%)", "moderate MWL ( = 273, 51.9%)", and "high MWL-low self-rated ( = 183, 34.8%)". Based on the analysis of the three subtypes, nurses with working years < 5 years ( = 12.135, < 0.05), no children ( = 16.182, < 0.01), monthly income < 6000 ( = 55.231, < 0.001), poor health status ( = 39.658, < 0.001), no psychological training in the past year (χ = 56.329, < 0.001) and suffering from workplace violence ( = 19.803, < 0.001) were significantly associated with MWL. Moreover, the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that negative coping styles ( = 1.146, 95% CI: 1.060-1.238, = 0.001) were accompanied by higher MWL while negatively associated with perceived social support ( = 0.927, 95% CI: 0.900-0.955, < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

Our results showed that the MWL of nurses could be classified into three subtypes. Monthly income, health status, psychological training, workplace violence, negative coping style, and perceived social support were the factors influencing MWL. Managers can employ personalised intervention strategies according to the individual characteristics of different subgroups to reduce nurses' MWL.

摘要

目的

本研究旨在通过以人为本的方法，探讨护士心理负荷（MWL）的潜在特征，并探索其影响因素。

方法

2023年3月至7月，开展了一项定量横断面研究，通过使用人口统计学信息、领悟社会支持量表、简易应对方式问卷和NASA任务负荷指数，对来自中国四川省五家三级医院的526名临床护士进行调查。使用Mplus 7.3软件进行潜在剖面分析。使用SPSS 24.0软件进行Pearson卡方检验和逻辑回归分析。

结果

根据护士对心理负荷评估的回答，确定了三种心理负荷特征，分别为“低MWL-高自我评定（n = 70，13.3%）”、“中度MWL（n = 273，51.9%）”和“高MWL-低自我评定（n = 183，34.8%）”。基于对这三种亚型的分析，工作年限<5年（χ² = 12.135，P < 0.05）、无子女（χ² = 16.182，P < 0.01）、月收入<6000元（χ² = 55.231，P < 0.001）、健康状况差（χ² = 39.658，P < 0.001）、过去一年未接受心理培训（χ² = 56.329，P < 0.001）以及遭受工作场所暴力（χ² = 19.803，P < 0.001）的护士与MWL显著相关。此外，多因素逻辑回归分析显示，消极应对方式（OR = 1.146，95%CI：1.060 - 1.238，P = 0.001）与较高的MWL相关，而与领悟社会支持呈负相关（OR = 0.927，95%CI：0.900 - 0.955，P < 0.001）。