实习护生心理负荷的模式与预测因素：一项潜在剖面分析
Patterns and predictors of mental workload in intern nursing students: a latent profile analysis.
作者信息
Gan Yanmei, Liao Tingting, Liu Lingfang, Du Yao, Guo Mingjuan, Li Gaoye
机构信息
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
Guangxi Health Science College, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
出版信息
BMC Nurs. 2025 May 13;24(1):518. doi: 10.1186/s12912-025-03129-2.
BACKGROUND
Intern nursing students are facing considerable psychological burdens, which impact their mental well-being and career progression. Although numerous studies have explored the psychological status of intern nursing students and its influencing factors, the majority of these investigations have primarily focused on single-factor linear relationships. To date, there has been limited research analyzing the individual differences among intern nursing students.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to investigate the mental workload patterns of intern nursing students and identify the factors that predict these patterns.
METHODS
A total of 320 intern nursing students were recruited for this study via convenience sampling, 302 of whom completed the survey. A pattern of intern nursing students' mental workload was identified through a latent profile analysis of 6 items on the NASA-Task Load Index scale. The analysis of latent profiles was performed using Mplus 8.7 software, while χ2 test and logistic regression analysis were carried out using SPSS 27.0 software.
RESULTS
Three patterns of mental workload of intern nursing students were identified as "low MWL-high self-rated (n = 45, 14.9%)", "moderate MWL (n = 152, 50.33%)", and "high MWL-low self-rated (n = 105, 34.77%)". Age and monthly income of 3000-5000 RMB were the main predictors of low MWL-high self-rated pattern. In contrast, long internships, passive coping strategies, college degree and monthly income < 3000 RMB were predictors of moderate MWL pattern.
CONCLUSION
This study provided novel insights into the mental workload patterns among intern nursing students. The findings highlighted the heterogeneity of MWL and provide evidence-based guidance for nursing administrators to identify groups of intern nursing students with high mental workload and to develop targeted psychological interventions and management strategies.
CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER
Not applicable.
背景
实习护生面临着相当大的心理负担，这影响着他们的心理健康和职业发展。尽管众多研究探讨了实习护生的心理状况及其影响因素，但这些调查大多主要集中在单因素线性关系上。迄今为止，分析实习护生个体差异的研究有限。
目的
本研究旨在调查实习护生的心理负荷模式，并确定预测这些模式的因素。
方法
通过便利抽样招募了320名实习护生参与本研究，其中302名完成了调查。通过对NASA任务负荷指数量表上的6个项目进行潜在剖面分析，确定了实习护生的心理负荷模式。使用Mplus 8.7软件进行潜在剖面分析，而使用SPSS 27.0软件进行χ2检验和逻辑回归分析。
结果
实习护生的心理负荷模式分为三种，即“低心理负荷-高自我评定（n = 45，14.9%）”、“中等心理负荷（n = 152，50.33%）”和“高心理负荷-低自我评定（n = 105，34.77%）”。年龄和月收入3000 - 5000元是低心理负荷-高自我评定模式的主要预测因素。相比之下，实习时间长、消极应对策略、大专学历和月收入<3000元是中等心理负荷模式的预测因素。
结论
本研究为实习护生的心理负荷模式提供了新的见解。研究结果突出了心理负荷的异质性，并为护理管理人员识别心理负荷高的实习护生群体以及制定有针对性的心理干预和管理策略提供了循证指导。
临床试验编号
不适用。
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