Jirata Umeta, Asere Tsegaye Girma, Balcha Yerosan Buzayo, Gure Abera
Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Heliyon. 2024 Jul 22;10(15):e35033. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35033. eCollection 2024 Aug 15.
This study aimed to determine residues of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in tomato and onion samples collected from selected markets in the Jimma zone. A QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) method was used for sample preparation followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for OCPs analysis. The method used showed wide linear ranges from 5-50 μg/L for all eight pesticides, with R values ≥ 0.992. The LOD values for the pesticides tested ranged from 0.14 μg/kg for p,p'-DDE to 2.40 μg/kg for p,p-DDT. LOQ values ranged from 0.46 μg/kg for p,p-DDE to 8.32 μg/kg for p,p'-DDT. The recoveries ranged from 74.84 - 109.45 % except for β-BHC (67.82 %). While most of the OCPs in the onion and tomato samples met European Union (EU) and Codex standards, some exceeded the limits. Methoxychlor and p,p'-DDT in onions, and methoxychlor, p,p'-DDT, α-BHC, and δ-BHC in some tomatoes, were detected above the permitted levels. Specific OCPs were not detected in some samples including aldrin in Meki Tomato (Mek-T), γ-chlordane in Agaro Tomato (Ag-T), and p,p'-DDE in Gera Tomato (Ger-T). The residual concentrations of OCPs varied among the samples. Among tomatoes, Gera had the highest percentage of detected OCPs contaminants (37 %), followed by Agaro (34.34 %) and Meki (28.55 %). Similarly, Sire onion (SrO) had the highest percentage of detected OCPs (28 %) compared to Minjer (25.16 %), Shewa Robit (25.10 %), and Sudan onion (22.25 %). In conclusion, most tomato and onion samples analyzed in this study contained OCP residues highlighting the importance of conducting a consumer health risk assessment.
本研究旨在测定从吉姆马地区选定市场采集的番茄和洋葱样本中有机氯农药（OCPs）的残留量。采用QuEChERS（快速、简便、廉价、有效、耐用且安全）方法进行样本制备，随后用气相色谱 - 质谱联用仪（GC - MS）分析OCPs。所使用的方法对所有八种农药显示出5 - 50μg/L的宽线性范围，R值≥0.992。所测试农药的检测限（LOD）值范围为：对p,p'-二氯二苯乙烯（p,p'-DDE）为0.14μg/kg，对p,p-滴滴涕（p,p-DDT）为2.40μg/kg。定量限（LOQ）值范围为：对p,p-DDE为0.46μg/kg，对p,p'-滴滴涕为8.32μg/kg。回收率范围为74.84 - 109.45%，β-六六六（β-BHC）除外（67.82%）。虽然洋葱和番茄样本中的大多数OCPs符合欧盟（EU）和食品法典标准，但有些超过了限值。洋葱中的甲氧滴滴涕和p,p'-滴滴涕，以及一些番茄中的甲氧滴滴涕、p,p'-滴滴涕、α-六六六（α-BHC）和δ-六六六（δ-BHC），检测值高于允许水平。在一些样本中未检测到特定的OCPs，包括梅基番茄（Mek-T）中的艾氏剂、阿加罗番茄（Ag-T）中的γ-氯丹以及杰拉番茄（Ger-T）中的p,p'-二氯二苯乙烯。OCPs的残留浓度在样本之间有所不同。在番茄中，杰拉的OCPs污染物检测百分比最高（37%），其次是阿加罗（34.34%）和梅基（28.55%）。同样，西雷洋葱（SrO）的OCPs检测百分比最高（28%），高于明杰尔（25.16%）、舍瓦罗比特（25.10%）和苏丹洋葱（22.25%）。总之，本研究分析的大多数番茄和洋葱样本含有OCPs残留，凸显了进行消费者健康风险评估的重要性。
