Salgado João Felipe M, Premkrishnan Balakrishnan N V, Oliveira Elaine L, Vettath Vineeth Kodengil, Goh Feng Guang, Hou Xinjun, Drautz-Moses Daniela I, Cai Yu, Schuster Stephan C, Junqueira Ana Carolina M
RG Insect Microbiology and Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch str. 10, Marburg 35043, Germany.
Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 373 Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil.
PNAS Nexus. 2024 Aug 1;3(8):pgae317. doi: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae317. eCollection 2024 Aug.
Blood-feeding is crucial for the reproductive cycle of the mosquito , as well as for the transmission of arboviruses to hosts. It is postulated that blood meals may influence the mosquito microbiome but shifts in microbial diversity and function during digestion remain elusive. We used whole-genome shotgun metagenomics to monitor the midgut microbiome in 60 individual females of throughout digestion, after 12, 24, and 48 h following blood or sugar meals. Additionally, ten individual larvae were sequenced, showing microbiomes dominated by sp. The high metagenomic coverage allowed for microbial assignments at the species taxonomic level, also providing functional profiling. Females in the post-digestive period and larvae displayed low microbiome diversities. A striking proliferation of was observed during digestion in blood-fed mosquitoes. The compositional shift was concomitant with enrichment in genes associated with carbohydrate and protein metabolism, as well as virulence factors for antimicrobial resistance and scavenging. The bacterium (Flavobacteriales), a known human pathogen, was the dominant species at the end of blood digestion. Phylogenomics suggests that its association with hematophagous mosquitoes occurred several times. We consider evidence of mutually beneficial host-microbe interactions raised from this association, potentially pivotal for the mosquito's resistance to arbovirus infection. After digestion, the observed shifts in blood-fed females' midguts shifted to a sugar-fed-like microbial profile. This study provides insights into how the microbiome of is modulated to fulfil digestive roles following blood meals, emphasizing proliferation of potential symbionts in response to the dynamic midgut environment.
吸食血液对于蚊子的生殖周期以及虫媒病毒向宿主的传播至关重要。据推测，血餐可能会影响蚊子的微生物群落，但消化过程中微生物多样性和功能的变化仍不清楚。我们使用全基因组鸟枪法宏基因组学来监测60只个体雌性蚊子在吸食血液或糖水后12、24和48小时整个消化过程中的中肠微生物群落。此外，对10只个体幼虫进行了测序，显示微生物群落以 菌属为主。高宏基因组覆盖率允许在物种分类水平上进行微生物分类，还提供了功能分析。消化后期的雌性蚊子和幼虫显示出较低的微生物群落多样性。在吸食血液的蚊子消化过程中观察到 菌显著增殖。组成变化伴随着与碳水化合物和蛋白质代谢相关的基因以及抗微生物抗性和清除的毒力因子的富集。 菌（黄杆菌目）是一种已知的人类病原体，在血液消化结束时是优势物种。系统发育基因组学表明，它与吸血蚊子的关联发生了几次。我们认为这种关联产生了互利的宿主-微生物相互作用的证据，这可能对蚊子抵抗虫媒病毒感染至关重要。消化后，观察到吸食血液的雌性蚊子中肠的变化转变为类似吸食糖水的微生物特征。这项研究深入了解了 蚊子的微生物群落如何在吸食血液后被调节以发挥消化作用，强调了潜在共生体对动态中肠环境的增殖反应。
