Nguyen Trinh, Vennatt Jaijo, Downs Lincoln, Surabhi Venkateswar, Stanietzky Nir
Department of Abdominal Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
J Gastrointest Cancer. 2024 Dec;55(4):1469-1484. doi: 10.1007/s12029-024-01094-8. Epub 2024 Aug 19.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary carcinoma arising from the liver. Although HCC can arise de novo, the vast majority of cases develop in the setting of chronic liver disease. Hepatocarcinogenesis follows a well-studied process during which chronic inflammation and cellular damage precipitate cellular and genetic aberrations, with subsequent propagation of precancerous and cancerous lesions. Surveillance of individuals at high risk of HCC, early diagnosis, and individualized treatment are keys to reducing the mortality associated with this disease. Radiological imaging plays a critical role in the diagnosis and management of these patients. HCC is a unique cancer in that it can be diagnosed with confidence by imaging that meets all radiologic criteria, obviating the risks associated with tissue sampling. This article discusses conventional and emerging imaging techniques for the evaluation of HCC.
肝细胞癌（HCC）是最常见的起源于肝脏的原发性癌症。虽然HCC可新发，但绝大多数病例是在慢性肝病的背景下发生的。肝癌发生遵循一个经过充分研究的过程，在此过程中，慢性炎症和细胞损伤会引发细胞和基因异常，随后癌前病变和癌性病变会不断发展。对HCC高危个体进行监测、早期诊断和个体化治疗是降低该疾病相关死亡率的关键。放射影像学在这些患者的诊断和管理中起着至关重要的作用。HCC是一种独特的癌症，因为通过符合所有放射学标准的影像学检查就能确诊，从而避免了组织取样相关的风险。本文讨论了用于评估HCC的传统和新兴影像学技术。
