Scheffler Anna, Klocker Laura, Puls Angelika, Hummers Eva, Demmer Iris
Institut für Allgemeinmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Deutschland.
Gesundheitsregion Göttingen/Südniedersachsen, Göttingen, Deutschland.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2024 Sep;67(9):1021-1030. doi: 10.1007/s00103-024-03935-0. Epub 2024 Aug 20.
Health promotion (HP) is a complex, politically required task. The quality of implementation correlates with the effectiveness of health promotion initiatives. Successful implementation requires consideration of contextual conditions, which tend to be neglected in effectiveness studies. The aim is to identify success factors and obstacles to the implementation of HP in daycare centers and elementary schools based on 4 projects (Fit fürs Leben, fit für pisa +, Buchprojekt Sonnige Traurigtage, and The Daily Mile) in the Göttingen/South Lower Saxony region. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are assumed to be relevant for the implementation of these projects.
In 24 semi-structured interviews and 2 focus group discussions between August 2021 and March 2022, practitioners were asked about the implementation of the four projects in their areas of activity. After transcription, the interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research supported the analysis.
A total of 22 groups of factors were identified, on the basis of which 22 recommendations for action for GF implementation were formulated. Success factors at the individual and intervention level were at the forefront. The COVID-19 pandemic had a positive impact on the importance of HP, even though its feasibility was hampered.
Numerous findings on the implementation of HP in children's living environments were confirmed by the study. The high significance of the individual factors is striking, which could be due to the survey of interviewees being familiar with the projects. The study results contribute to the further development of implementation strategies in HP.
健康促进是一项复杂的、政治上要求的任务。实施质量与健康促进举措的有效性相关。成功实施需要考虑背景条件，而这些条件在有效性研究中往往被忽视。目的是基于哥廷根/下萨克森南部地区的4个项目（“健康生活”、“适合比萨+”、“阳光忧郁日图书项目”和“每日一英里”），确定日托中心和小学实施健康促进的成功因素和障碍。假定新冠疫情的影响与这些项目的实施相关。
在2021年8月至2022年3月期间进行的24次半结构化访谈和2次焦点小组讨论中，询问了从业者在其活动领域中这四个项目的实施情况。转录后，使用定性内容分析法对访谈进行分析。实施研究综合框架为分析提供了支持。
共确定了22组因素，并在此基础上制定了实施健康促进的22条行动建议。个人和干预层面的成功因素最为突出。尽管新冠疫情阻碍了健康促进的可行性，但对其重要性产生了积极影响。
该研究证实了关于在儿童生活环境中实施健康促进的众多发现。个人因素的高度重要性令人瞩目，这可能是由于受访者熟悉这些项目的调查所致。研究结果有助于健康促进实施策略的进一步发展。
