Gan HeSong, Zhu DanDan, Waqas Muhammad
Graduate School of Tourism Management, Woosuk University, Jeollabuk-do, Wanju-gun, 55338, South Korea.
Institute of Management Sciences, Bahauddin Zakaryia University, Multan, Pakistan.
Heliyon. 2024 Jul 26;10(15):e35030. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35030. eCollection 2024 Aug 15.
A pervasive threat regarding human health, ecological balance, progress, and sustainability marks the current era. Many nations are grappling with the consequences of the overabundance of carbon emissions from a wide range of destructive human activities, which is the primary driver of air pollution, global warming, and warming. Thus, while some countries are squandering their riches, others are making great strides to keep the environment clean and green so that future generations may thrive. National governments and policymakers are now focusing a lot of energy on addressing the dangers posed by environmental concerns and the threat of climate change. A very contentious issue in recent years has been the link between environmental change and tourism and its vulnerability. This study focuses on the impact of fluctuating visitor numbers on greenhouse gas emissions, the primary gas responsible for the acceleration of global warming and other environmental changes. Therefore, we look at how the most visited countries' carbon emissions have changed due to increased tourism. The ecological effects of tourism on a regional scale are investigated using a panel data analysis spanning the years 2001-2018 in China, including the top 80 countries. The best-modified assessment methodologies determine the overall, direct, and indirect impact of tourist spending on carbon emissions. The findings demonstrate that CO2 emissions might be reduced by environmental regulation, urbanization, and tourist revenue and that they could be increased through economic expansion, population, and tourism. Due to this distinction, tourists' overall impact is much more harmful than their direct impact. In addition, a U-shape is formed by the direct effects of carbon emissions and a growing economy, and vice versa. Several factors impact environmental regulation, including population density, population growth, pollution, and GDP growth. Spending on infrastructure development and economic expansion also considerably mitigates the impacts of tourism and environmental alteration. The results reveal that a nation's emissions often rise with the expansion of its tourism industry. Still, they begin to decline after certain levels and show that the link between the two has important policy implications.
人类健康、生态平衡、发展和可持续性面临的普遍威胁标志着当今时代。许多国家正在应对各种破坏性人类活动产生的过量碳排放所带来的后果，而这正是空气污染、全球变暖和气候变暖的主要驱动因素。因此，当一些国家在挥霍其财富时，另一些国家则在大力努力保持环境清洁和绿色，以便子孙后代能够繁荣发展。各国政府和政策制定者目前正将大量精力集中在应对环境问题和气候变化威胁所带来的危险上。近年来，一个极具争议的问题一直是环境变化与旅游业之间的联系及其脆弱性。本研究重点关注游客数量波动对温室气体排放的影响，温室气体是加速全球变暖和其他环境变化的主要气体。因此，我们研究了旅游人数增加导致的最热门旅游国家的碳排放变化情况。利用涵盖2001年至2018年中国（包括前80个国家）的面板数据分析，研究了旅游业在区域层面的生态影响。采用最佳修正评估方法确定旅游支出对碳排放的总体、直接和间接影响。研究结果表明，环境监管、城市化和旅游收入可能会减少二氧化碳排放，而经济扩张、人口增长和旅游业则可能会增加二氧化碳排放。由于这种差异，游客的总体影响比其直接影响更具危害性。此外，碳排放的直接影响与经济增长呈U形关系，反之亦然。有几个因素会影响环境监管，包括人口密度、人口增长、污染和国内生产总值增长。基础设施建设支出和经济扩张也大大减轻了旅游业和环境变化的影响。结果显示，一个国家的排放量通常会随着旅游业的扩张而上升，但在达到一定水平后开始下降，这表明两者之间的关系具有重要的政策意义。
