School of Business, Nanjing Normal University, China.
College of Public Administration, Nanjing Agricultura University, China.
J Environ Manage. 2022 Feb 1;303:114078. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114078. Epub 2021 Nov 25.
Globally, the interaction and vulnerability of tourism and climate change have recently been in focus. This study examines how carbon dioxide emissions respond to changes in the tourism development. Panel data from 2000 to 2017 for 70 countries are analyzed using spatial econometric method to investigate the spatial spillover effect of tourism development on environmental pollution. The direct, indirect, and overall impact of tourism on environmental pollution are estimated after the selection of the most appropriate GNS method. The findings reveal that tourism has a positive direct effect and a negative indirect effect; both are significant at the 1 % level. The negative indirect effect of tourism is greater than its direct positive effect, implying an overall significantly negative impact. Further, the outcome of financial development and carbon emissions have an inverted U-shaped and U-shaped relationship in direct and indirect impacts. Population density, trade openness and economic growth significantly influence on environmental pollution through spatial spill over. In addition, education expenditure and infrastructure play a significant moderating role in the relationship among tourism development and environmental pollution. The results have important policy implications as they establish an inverted-U-shaped relationship among tourism and environmental pollution and indicate that while a country's emissions initially rise with the tourism industry's growth, they begin declining after a limit.
全球范围内，旅游业与气候变化的相互作用和脆弱性一直是关注焦点。本研究考察了二氧化碳排放如何响应旅游业发展的变化。利用空间计量经济学方法，对 2000 年至 2017 年 70 个国家的面板数据进行分析，以调查旅游业发展对环境污染的空间溢出效应。在选择最合适的 GNS 方法后，估算了旅游业对环境污染的直接、间接和总体影响。研究结果表明，旅游业对环境污染具有正向直接效应和负向间接效应，两者在 1%水平上均显著。旅游业的负向间接效应大于其正向直接效应，表明总体上具有显著的负向影响。此外，金融发展和碳排放的结果在直接和间接影响中呈倒 U 型和 U 型关系。人口密度、贸易开放度和经济增长通过空间溢出对环境污染产生显著影响。此外，教育支出和基础设施在旅游业发展与环境污染之间的关系中发挥了显著的调节作用。研究结果具有重要的政策意义，因为它们在旅游业和环境污染之间建立了倒 U 型关系，并表明随着旅游业的增长，一个国家的排放量最初会上升，但在达到一定限度后开始下降。
