Department of Psychology, Midwestern State University, 3410 Taft Blvd, Wichita Falls, TX, 76308, USA.
The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA.
Behav Res Methods. 2024 Dec;56(8):8480-8491. doi: 10.3758/s13428-024-02486-1. Epub 2024 Aug 21.
Objects are commonly described based on their relations to other objects (e.g., associations, semantic similarity, etc.) or their physical features (e.g., birds have wings, feathers, etc.). However, objects can also be described in terms of their actionable properties (i.e., affordances), which reflect interactive relations between actors and objects. While several normed datasets have been developed to categorize various aspects of meaning (e.g., semantic features, cue-target associations, etc.), to date, norms for affordances have not been generated. We address this limitation by developing a set of affordance norms for 2825 concrete nouns. Using an open-response format, we computed affordance strength (AFS; i.e., the probability of an item eliciting a particular action response), affordance proportion (AFP; i.e., the proportion of participants who provided a specific action response), and affordance set size (AFSS; i.e., the total number of unique action responses) for each item. Because our stimuli overlapped with Pexman et al.'s, Behavior Research Methods, 51, 453-466, (2019) body-object interaction norms (BOI), we tested whether AFS, AFP, and AFSS were related to BOI, as objects with more perceived action properties may be viewed as being more interactive. Additionally, we tested the relationship between AFS and AFP and two separate measures of relatedness: cosine similarity (Buchanan et al., Behavior Research Methods, 51, 1849-1863, 2019a, Behavior Research Methods, 51, 1878-1888, 2019b) and forward associative strength (Nelson et al., Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 36(3), 402-407, 2004). All analyses, however, revealed weak relationships between affordance measures and existing semantic norms, suggesting that affordance properties reflect a separate construct.
物体通常是根据它们与其他物体的关系（例如，关联、语义相似性等）或它们的物理特征（例如，鸟类有翅膀、羽毛等）来描述的。然而，物体也可以根据它们的可操作性属性（即，可供性）来描述，这些属性反映了参与者和物体之间的互动关系。虽然已经开发了几个规范的数据集来对各种意义方面进行分类（例如，语义特征、线索-目标关联等），但迄今为止，可供性规范尚未生成。我们通过为 2825 个具体名词开发一组可供性规范来解决这个限制。我们使用开放式响应格式，计算了每个项目的可供性强度（AFS；即，项目引发特定动作反应的概率）、可供性比例（AFP；即，提供特定动作反应的参与者比例）和可供性集大小（AFSS；即，唯一动作反应的总数）。由于我们的刺激与 Pexman 等人的行为研究方法，51，453-466，（2019）身体-物体相互作用规范（BOI）重叠，我们测试了 AFS、AFP 和 AFSS 是否与 BOI 相关，因为具有更多感知动作属性的物体可能被视为更具互动性。此外，我们还测试了 AFS 与 AFP 之间的关系，以及两种单独的关联性度量：余弦相似性（Buchanan 等人，行为研究方法，51，1849-1863，2019a，行为研究方法，51，1878-1888，2019b）和正向联想强度（Nelson 等人，行为研究方法，仪器，&计算机，36（3），402-407，2004）。然而，所有分析都揭示了可供性度量与现有语义规范之间的弱关系，这表明可供性属性反映了一个单独的结构。
