Tokuda Hisanori, Horikawa Chika, Nishita Yukiko, Kaneda Yoshihisa, Obata Hidenori, Rogi Tomohiro, Izumo Takayuki, Nakai Masaaki, Shimokata Hiroshi, Otsuka Rei
Department of Epidemiology of Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Ōbu, Aichi, Japan.
Institute for Science of Life, Suntory Wellness Ltd., Soraku-gun, Kyoto, Japan.
Front Aging Neurosci. 2024 Aug 7;16:1406079. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1406079. eCollection 2024.
Multifactorial lifestyle approaches could be more effective than a single factor for maintaining cognitive function. This study investigated the association of combining cognitively stimulating leisure activities (CSLAs), including puzzles, quizzes, and cognitive training games, with intake of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs), including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and arachidonic acid (ARA), on cognitive function in the older Japanese individuals without dementia. Participants were community-dwelling Japanese individuals without a self-reported history of dementia ( = 906, aged 60-88 years) from datasets of a 2-year longitudinal study (baseline: 2006-2008 and follow-up: 2008-2010). CSLA engagement and LCPUFA intake were divided into high and low groups according to frequency (≥once/week and <once/week) for CSLA engagement and median intake level for LCPUFA intake according to sex, then categorized into four groups. The associations of multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for a cognitive decline, shown as a decrease in the Mini-Mental State Examination score by 2 or more points, and the combination of CSLA engagement with LCPUFA intake were assessed using a multiple logistic regression model. Subgroup analysis involved participants with low DHA and EPA intakes ( = 303; median intake, 325 mg/day), mirroring those in North America. The HIGH-CSLA/HIGH-ARA group cumulatively yielded a lower OR for cognitive decline (0.41; 95% confidence interval, 0.25-0.70) than did the LOW-CSLA/LOW-ARA group ( for trend = 0.001). In the subgroup analysis, the OR for the HIGH-CSLA/HIGH-DHA group was notably reduced (0.31; 95% confidence interval, 0.11-0.87; for trend = 0.025) compared with the LOW-CSLA/LOW-DHA group. High CSLA engagement frequency combined with high ARA intake may cumulatively reduce the risk of cognitive decline among older Japanese individuals. Furthermore, combining CSLA engagement frequency with DHA intake could have a positive association with maintaining cognitive function among older individuals, particularly those with low DHA and EPA intakes.
多因素生活方式干预对于维持认知功能可能比单一因素更有效。本研究调查了在无痴呆的日本老年人中，将包括拼图、智力竞赛和认知训练游戏在内的认知刺激休闲活动（CSLA）与摄入包括二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）、二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和花生四烯酸（ARA）在内的长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LCPUFA）相结合，对认知功能的影响。参与者是来自一项为期2年的纵向研究（基线：2006 - 2008年，随访：2008 - 2010年）数据集的社区居住日本个体，无自我报告的痴呆病史（n = 906，年龄60 - 88岁）。根据CSLA参与频率（≥每周一次和<每周一次）以及根据性别划分的LCPUFA摄入中位数水平，将CSLA参与度和LCPUFA摄入分为高、低两组，然后分为四组。使用多元逻辑回归模型评估以简易精神状态检查得分降低2分或更多分为表现的认知衰退的多元调整优势比（OR），以及CSLA参与度与LCPUFA摄入的组合情况。亚组分析纳入了DHA和EPA摄入量低的参与者（n = 303；中位数摄入量，325毫克/天），这与北美人群情况相似。与低CSLA /低ARA组相比，高CSLA /高ARA组累积产生的认知衰退OR较低（0.41；95%置信区间，0.25 - 0.70；趋势P = 0.001）。在亚组分析中，与低CSLA /低DHA组相比，高CSLA /高DHA组的OR显著降低（0.31；95%置信区间，0.11 - 0.87；趋势P = 0.025）。高CSLA参与频率与高ARA摄入相结合可能会累积降低日本老年人认知衰退的风险。此外，将CSLA参与频率与DHA摄入相结合可能与老年人维持认知功能呈正相关，尤其是那些DHA和EPA摄入量低的老年人。
