Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, 470003, India.
Curr Drug Targets. 2024;25(13):847-865. doi: 10.2174/0113894501310832240815071618.
Phytochemicals, the bioactive compounds in plants, possess therapeutic benefits, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and pharmacological activities. However, their clinical use is often hindered by poor bioavailability and stability. Phytosome technology enhances the absorption and efficacy of these compounds by integrating vesicular systems like liposomes, niosomes, transfersomes, and ethosomes. Phytosomes offer diverse biological benefits, including cardiovascular protection through improved endothelial function and oxidative stress reduction. They enhance cognitive function and protect against neurodegenerative diseases in the nervous system, aid digestion and reduce inflammation in the gastrointestinal system, and provide hepatoprotective effects by enhancing liver detoxification and protection against toxins. In the genitourinary system, phytosomes improve renal function and exhibit anti-inflammatory properties. They also modulate the immune system by enhancing immune responses and reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. Additionally, phytosomes promote skin health by protecting against UV radiation and improving hydration and elasticity. Recent patented phytosome technologies have led to innovative formulations that improve the stability, bioavailability, and therapeutic efficacy of phytochemicals, although commercialization challenges like manufacturing scalability and regulatory hurdles remain. Secondary metabolites from natural products are classified into primary and secondary metabolites, with a significant focus on terpenoids, phenolic compounds, and nitrogen-containing compounds. These metabolites have notable biological activities: antimicrobial, antioxidant, antibiotic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. In summary, this review amalgamates the latest advancements in phytosome technology and secondary metabolite research, presenting a holistic view of their potential to advance therapeutic interventions and contribute to the ever-evolving landscape of natural product-based medicine.
植物化学物质是植物中的生物活性化合物，具有治疗益处，如抗菌、抗氧化和药理活性。然而，它们的临床应用常常受到生物利用度和稳定性差的限制。植物皂素技术通过整合囊泡系统（如脂质体、非离子体、传递体和醇质体）来提高这些化合物的吸收和功效。植物皂素提供多种生物学益处，包括通过改善内皮功能和降低氧化应激来保护心血管；增强认知功能并预防神经系统中的神经退行性疾病；在胃肠道系统中帮助消化和减少炎症；通过增强肝脏解毒和防止毒素来提供肝保护作用；在泌尿生殖系统中改善肾功能并具有抗炎特性。它还通过增强免疫反应、减少炎症和氧化应激来调节免疫系统。此外，植物皂素通过防止紫外线辐射、改善水合作用和弹性来促进皮肤健康。最近的专利植物皂素技术导致了创新的配方，提高了植物化学物质的稳定性、生物利用度和治疗功效，尽管仍存在制造可扩展性和监管障碍等商业化挑战。天然产物中的次生代谢物分为初级和次级代谢物，其中萜类化合物、酚类化合物和含氮化合物受到高度关注。这些代谢物具有显著的生物活性：抗菌、抗氧化、抗生素、抗病毒、抗炎和抗癌作用。总之，本综述综合了植物皂素技术和次生代谢物研究的最新进展，全面展示了它们在推进治疗干预措施和为基于天然产物的医学不断发展的景观做出贡献方面的潜力。
