Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India; Department of Pharmacy, IIMT Groups of Colleges, Greater Noida 201310, India.
GLA University, Mathura - 281406, India.
Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst. 2025;42(1):1-54. doi: 10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.v42.i1.10.
Phytopharmaceuticals are the newly termed herbal medicine, which includes standardized extract, bioactive fraction, and phytoconstituent. They have been practiced to cure, treat, and mitigate diseases. Phytopharmaceuticals have many health benefits, but their therapeutic efficacy is limited due to poor absorption, low bioavailability, and early elimination profile. A novel phospholipid complex is a newly introduced patented technology developed to incorporate the standardized plant extracts/fractions or water-soluble phytoconstituents into phospholipids to produce lipid compatible molecular complex, called phytosome, which improves their absorption and bioavailability. In herbal formulations, phytosome is the most advanced dosage form that has an upgraded absorption rate and enhanced pharmacokinetics compared with conventional products. The phospholipid complex results from hydrogen bonding between phospholipids and phytoconstituents, offering the maximum incorporation of herbal active ingredients into the lipidic layer and core. The increased therapeutic efficacy is due to the formation of amphiphilic phospholipid-complex of herbal medicine. This review highlights the role of phospholipids on delivery of herbal bioactives and natural extracts with particular emphasis on phytosomes. Moreover, the status of bioavailabilities, commercial products, patents, and clinical trials of phytosomal systems of phytopharmaceuticals were addressed.
植物药是新提出的草药，包括标准化提取物、生物活性部分和植物成分。它们被用于治疗、治疗和减轻疾病。植物药有许多健康益处，但由于吸收不良、生物利用度低和早期消除特征，其治疗效果有限。新型磷脂复合物是一种新引入的专利技术，旨在将标准化植物提取物/部分或水溶性植物成分纳入磷脂中，以产生脂溶性分子复合物，称为植物皂素，从而提高其吸收和生物利用度。在草药配方中，植物皂素是最先进的剂型，与传统产品相比，它具有更高的吸收率和增强的药代动力学。磷脂复合物是磷脂和植物成分之间氢键的结果，使草药活性成分最大程度地纳入脂质层和核心。治疗效果的提高是由于形成了草药的两亲性磷脂复合物。本文重点介绍了磷脂在传递草药生物活性物质和天然提取物方面的作用，特别强调了植物皂素。此外，还讨论了植物药植物皂素系统的生物利用度、商业产品、专利和临床试验的现状。
