Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València - CSIC, València, Spain.
Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat I Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat de València, València, Spain.
Virol J. 2024 Aug 22;21(1):193. doi: 10.1186/s12985-024-02456-1.
Emerging zoonotic diseases arise from cross-species transmission events between wild or domesticated animals and humans, with bats being one of the major reservoirs of zoonotic viruses. Viral metagenomics has led to the discovery of many viruses, but efforts have mainly been focused on some areas of the world and on certain viral families.
We set out to describe full-length genomes of new picorna-like viruses by collecting feces from hundreds of bats captured in different regions of Spain. Viral sequences were obtained by high-throughput Illumina sequencing and analyzed phylogenetically to classify them in the context of known viruses. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was performed to infer likely hosts based on genome composition.
We found five complete or nearly complete genomes belonging to the family Picornaviridae, including a new species of the subfamily Ensavirinae. LDA suggested that these were true vertebrate viruses, rather than viruses from the bat diet. Some of these viruses were related to picornaviruses previously found in other bat species from distant geographical regions. We also found a calhevirus genome that most likely belongs to a proposed new family within the order Picornavirales, and for which genome composition analysis suggested a plant host.
Our findings describe new picorna-like viral species and variants circulating in the Iberian Peninsula, illustrate the wide geographical distribution and interspecies transmissibility of picornaviruses, and suggest new hosts for calheviruses.
新发人畜共患传染病源于野生动物或家养动物与人类之间的跨物种传播事件，蝙蝠是人畜共患病毒的主要宿主之一。病毒宏基因组学已经发现了许多病毒，但这些努力主要集中在世界的某些地区和某些病毒家族。
我们通过收集来自西班牙不同地区数百只蝙蝠的粪便，着手描述新型类微小核糖核酸病毒的全长基因组。通过高通量 Illumina 测序获得病毒序列，并进行系统发育分析，将其归类为已知病毒。线性判别分析（LDA）用于根据基因组组成推断可能的宿主。
我们发现了五个完整或几乎完整的正粘病毒科基因组，包括一个新的 ensavirinae 亚科病毒。LDA 表明这些是真正的脊椎动物病毒，而不是蝙蝠饮食中的病毒。其中一些病毒与以前在遥远地理区域的其他蝙蝠物种中发现的微小核糖核酸病毒有关。我们还发现了一个 calhevirus 基因组，它很可能属于正粘病毒目内提议的一个新家族，基因组组成分析表明其宿主为植物。
我们的发现描述了在伊比利亚半岛流行的新型类微小核糖核酸病毒物种和变体，说明了微小核糖核酸病毒的广泛地理分布和种间传播能力，并为 calheviruses 提出了新的宿主。
